The hippocampus is located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.
Brain Function
Hippocampus is important for learning and memory . . . for converting short term memory to more permanent memory, and for recalling spatial relationships in the world about us
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No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
89(87/2)
Positive relationships between Hippocampus and MDD (count: 56)
Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning ......
Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning signals in hippocampus.More...
Decreased grey matter density in the hippocampus showed the ......
Decreased grey matter density in the hippocampus showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.More...
left hippocampal P-value = .007, effect size [d] = .44; right hippocampal volumes P-value = .025, d = .33
Patients with familial MDD had significantly smaller left hi......
Patients with familial MDD had significantly smaller left hippocampal (p = .007, effect size [d] = .44) and right hippocampal volumes (p = .025, d = .33) than controls. Reduced hippocampal volume may be suggestive of a risk factor for developing MDD.More...
(patients with major depressive disorder in late life) compa......
(patients with major depressive disorder in late life) compared with 13 age-matched controls, relative rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) was significantly decreased bilaterally in the hippocampusMore...
The patients had increased activity of the hippocampus compa......
The patients had increased activity of the hippocampus compared to the healthy controls when corrected for these confounders and the influence of antidepressant medication.More...
The total Hamilton score was correlated with the blood flow ......
The total Hamilton score was correlated with the blood flow to the hippocampus. More...
Both first- and multiple-episode depressed groups had hippoc......
Both first- and multiple-episode depressed groups had hippocampal dysfunction apparent on several tests of recollection memory; only depressed subjects with multiple depressive episodes had hippocampal volume reductions. More...
Pediatric patients with MDD had significantly larger left (1......
Pediatric patients with MDD had significantly larger left (14%) and right (11%) amygdala:hippocampal volume ratios than controls. More...
5-HT(2A) receptor binding in the hippocampus was reduced by ......
5-HT(2A) receptor binding in the hippocampus was reduced by 29% in depressed subjects (p =.004).More...
The subgroup of patients who were nonremitted at the time of......
The subgroup of patients who were nonremitted at the time of the follow-up investigation showed significantly reduced left and right hippocampal volumes at both baseline and the 1-year follow-up compared with remitted patients. More...
In MDD, cryostat-cut hippocampal sections shrink in depth a ......
In MDD, cryostat-cut hippocampal sections shrink in depth a significant 18% greater amount than in control subjectsMore...
The density of pyramidal neurons and glia in all cornv ammon......
The density of pyramidal neurons and glia in all cornv ammonis (CA)/hippocampal subfields is significantly increased by 30%-35% in MDD. More...
Compared with control subjects, depressive subjects had sign......
Compared with control subjects, depressive subjects had significantly smaller (-12%) hippocampal volumes.More...
patients had reduced hippocampal volume due to right hippoca......
patients had reduced hippocampal volume due to right hippocampal volume decrease (2.84 mL vs. 3.12 mL, F = 16.6, p < .001)More...
We found significantly smaller hippocampal volumes bilateral......
We found significantly smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally in currently depressed patients than in remitted patients. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant inverse correlation between length of illness and left hippocampus volumesMore...
The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly sm......
The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly smaller in the major depression group than that in control group.More...
A significant hippocampal volume difference was observed bet......
A significant hippocampal volume difference was observed between the patients and healthy controls (F=4.43, df=1.45, P<0.05). The left hippocampus of patients was significantly lower than those of controls (t=1.98, df=46, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a correlation between HAM-D scores and the right hippocampal volume. More...
left anterior ANOVA, P-value = 0.008 corrected for multiple comparisons; right posterior P-value = 0.005 corrected
Significant rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) reductions in......
Significant rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) reductions in MDD-HF(heart failure) patients relative to both non-depressed HF patients and healthy controls were detected in the left anterior parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus (ANOVA, p=0.008 corrected for multiple comparisons) and the right posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (p=0.005 corrected).More...
The results showed more VMAT2-immunoreactive varicose fibers......
The results showed more VMAT2-immunoreactive varicose fibers in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus and parahippocampal cortexes, and more intense 5HTT-immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cell layer and the area CA4 of hippocampus in the animal models of depression compared to those of the controls. On the other hand, lower density of 5HT1a-immunoreactive deposits in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus and the parahippocampal cortex was observed in the animal models of depression compared to those of the controls. More...
Significantly lower choline-containing compounds in the hipp......
Significantly lower choline-containing compounds in the hippocampus and significantly higher choline-containing compounds in the putamen of patients with MDD compared to healthy subjects were found.More...
Hippocampal volumes and frontal lobe volumes were significan......
Hippocampal volumes and frontal lobe volumes were significantly smaller in patients, compared with healthy control subjects. More...
A direct effect of 5-HTTLPR on the regulation of regional ce......
A direct effect of 5-HTTLPR on the regulation of regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose was identified in patients with rMDD for the amygdala, hippocampus, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.More...
Hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced in the patien......
Hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced in the patient group even after adjusting for intracranial brain volume (ICV) and age.More...
Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in uni......
Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in unipolar patients compared with bipolar patients and controls in hippocampus.More...
left hippocampal (P-value = .007, effect size [d] = .44) and right hippocampal volumes (P-value = .025, d = .33)
Patients with familial MDD had significantly smaller left hi......
Patients with familial MDD had significantly smaller left hippocampal (p = .007, effect size [d] = .44) and right hippocampal volumes (p = .025, d = .33) than controls.More...
Pediatric depressed patients had significantly smaller left ......
Pediatric depressed patients had significantly smaller left hippocampal gray matter volumes compared to healthy controls.More...
When shown pictures of sad faces, patients with MDD relative......
When shown pictures of sad faces, patients with MDD relative controls showed decreased activations bilaterally in the hippocampus. More...
Both measured hippocampal volumes of the patients with MDD w......
Both measured hippocampal volumes of the patients with MDD were significantly smaller than the measured hippocampal volumes of the normal controls (right manual P = 0.019, IBASPM P = 0.012; left manual P = 0.003, FreeSurfer P = 0.010, IBASPM P = 0.002),.More...
The left and right hippocampal volumes of patients with a de......
The left and right hippocampal volumes of patients with a depression relapse were significantly smaller than those of healthy controls. More...
Compared with controls, patients showed significantly more d......
Compared with controls, patients showed significantly more decline in gray matter density of the hippocampusMore...
The volumes of the right and left hippocampus of the patient......
The volumes of the right and left hippocampus of the patients were found to be significantly smaller than those of the controls.More...
Local areas showing significant gray matter volume reduction......
Local areas showing significant gray matter volume reduction in depressive patients compared with controls were observed in the hippocampus. Local areas showing an increase of MD (mean diffusivity) in depressive patients were observed in the hippocampus.More...
Depressed and high-risk groups had significantly smaller lef......
Depressed and high-risk groups had significantly smaller left and right hippocampal volumes than control subjects.More...
High-risk twins had smaller hippocampal volumes than low-ris......
High-risk twins had smaller hippocampal volumes than low-risk twins (p<0.04). The finding was most pronounced in DZ twins. More...
T2*-RTs(T2* relaxation time) of hippocampal sub-regions (CA1......
T2*-RTs(T2* relaxation time) of hippocampal sub-regions (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and subiculum) were calculated for both left and right hippocampus.Patients with recurrent MDD had significantly longer T2*-RTs in the right subiculum than those experiencing a first depressive episode, and longer T2*-RTs in the right CA1, CA3, and subiculum than control subjects. More...
Both right (P=0.001) and left (P=0.005) hippocampal volumes ......
Both right (P=0.001) and left (P=0.005) hippocampal volumes were reduced in patients relative to healthy controls (n=37 patients and n=37 controls), More...
Brain function evaluated across all three conditions showed ......
Brain function evaluated across all three conditions showed that patients with major depressive disorder revealed activation of both hippocampi.More...
We found that activation in the hippocampus predicted subseq......
We found that activation in the hippocampus predicted subsequent increases in ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) activity in depression.More...
The level of GSK-3beta mRNA expression in the hippocampus wa......
The level of GSK-3beta mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the MDD group (n=8) compared with the control group (n=12, p<0.05).More...
The use of a focussed analytical approach and a behavioural ......
The use of a focussed analytical approach and a behavioural task targeted to hippocampal function confirmed the hypothesis that the normal modulation of hippocampal activation by encoding strength is dysregulated in MDD. Further analysis demonstrated that this impairment of function was specific to the hippocampus. More...
The high-risk subclinical group also had smaller total HC(hi......
The high-risk subclinical group also had smaller total HC(hippocampal) volume compared with control subjects. More...
Prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibi......
Prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibited diminished discrimination between emotional and neutral items in the amygdala, caudate, and hippocampus.More...
fMRI results showed greater BOLD signal intensity changes in......
fMRI results showed greater BOLD signal intensity changes in controls versus MDD in hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, OFC, ACC, and subgenual ACC, findings unrelated to medication status.More...
Significantly lower expression levels (30-50%) were detected......
Significantly lower expression levels (30-50%) were detected for MR or GR in hippocampal, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus tissue from MDD patients (p < .05)More...
Depressed patients were found to have smaller temporal lobes......
Depressed patients were found to have smaller temporal lobes bilaterally, medulla and right hippocampus at baseline.More...
Participants with early-onset depression had smaller hippoca......
Participants with early-onset depression had smaller hippocampal volumes than those who were never depressed (p < .05)More...
Relative to controls, patients with depression showed signif......
Relative to controls, patients with depression showed significant impairment on most neurocognitive tasks, but not in tasks measuring visuo-spatial function, which may suggest intact hippocampal function in depression. More...
The PET study revealed lower levels of regional mGluR5 bindi......
The PET study revealed lower levels of regional mGluR5 binding in the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the insula, the thalamus, and the hippocampus in the depression group relative to the comparison group.More...
Decreased gray matter concentration was found in MDD patient......
Decreased gray matter concentration was found in MDD patients in the bilateral amygdalae, hippocampi, fusiform gyri, lingual gyri, insular gyri, middle-superior temporal gyri, thalami, cingulate gyri, the central lobule of the cerebellum, and the midbrain encompassing the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN)More...
The MDD patients exhibited increased nodal centralities, pre......
The MDD patients exhibited increased nodal centralities, predominately in the default-mode regions, including the hippocampus.More...
Positive relationships between Hippocampus and other components at different levels (count: 73)
Genetic/epigenetic locus
Protein and other molecule
Cell and molecular pathway
Neural system
Cognition and behavior
Symptoms and signs
Environment
Positive relationship network of Hippocampus in MK4MDD
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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.
Genetic/Epigenetic Locus
Protein and Other Molecule
Cell and Molecular Pathway
Neural System
Cognition and Behavior
Symptoms and Signs
Environment
MDD
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3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web
Negative relationships between Hippocampus and MDD (count: 2)
No significant hippocampal and amygdala volume changes were ......
No significant hippocampal and amygdala volume changes were observed in patients or controls between baseline and 1-year follow-up investigations.More...