Neurobiological Component Report

Name	P200
Description	In neuroscience, the visual P200 or P2 is a waveform component or feature of the event-related potential (ERP) measured at the human scalp, is so named because it is a positive going electrical potential that peaks at about 200 milliseconds (varying between about 150 and 275 ms) after the onset of some external stimulus . The distribution of this component in the brain, as measured by electrodes placed across the scalp, is located around the centro-frontal and the parieto-occipital region. It is generally found to be maximal around the vertex (frontal region) of the scalp. Functionally, there seems to be partial agreement amongst researchers in the field of cognitive neuroscience that the P2 represents some aspect of higher-order perceptual processing, modulated by attention.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	9 (9/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
P2	Pause, 2003	patients and normal controls		At the beginning of the therapy, visual stimulus processing ...... At the beginning of the therapy, visual stimulus processing was attenuated in depressive subjects at a relatively late processing level (reduced amplitudes of the P3 and pSW in response to colors and emotional slides), whereas olfactory stimulus processing had already been affected at an early level (reduced amplitudes of the P2 and P3-1 peaks in MDD patients). More...
P200	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		The key finding was a dimensional exaggeration of the P200 (...... The key finding was a dimensional exaggeration of the P200 (140-270 ms) to both target (signal) and non-target (noise) stimuli, most pronounced in MDD, followed by PDM (participants with depressed mood), relative to CTL (healthy controls). More...
P2	Poulsen, 2009	patients and normal controls		A similar pattern was observed in the P2-medial frontal nega...... A similar pattern was observed in the P2-medial frontal negativity (P2-MFN) complex, controls showing an enhanced MFN to the endorsed Bad words, while depressed participants showed an attenuated or absent medial frontal response on these items specifically. More...
P200	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		The key findings were an exaggeration of the P200 to both no...... The key findings were an exaggeration of the P200 to both non-target and target stimuli in patients with melancholia, relative to patients with non-melancholia and controls. More...
P2	Shestyuk, 2010	patients and normal controls		Greater component amplitudes in response to negative relativ...... Greater component amplitudes in response to negative relative to positive self-referent items were evident in individuals with current and remitted major depression during the automatic processing stage (indexed by the P2 component). More...
P2	Yao, 2010	patients and normal controls		The patients showed reduced central-parietal P2 amplitude in...... The patients showed reduced central-parietal P2 amplitude in response to negative experimental targets, whereas the controls showed larger left central P2 amplitude in response to negative experimental targets. More...
P2	Yang, 2011	patients only		Compared to controls, MDD patients showed enlarged anterior ...... Compared to controls, MDD patients showed enlarged anterior P2 amplitude to positive target stimuli. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
P2		SLC6A4(5-HTT)	gene	Chen, 2002	patients and normal controls	P-value=0.04	Analysis of the results revealed a significantly shorter P2 ...... Analysis of the results revealed a significantly shorter P2 latency for patients bearing the s/s genotype in comparison with l allele carriers, especially for the female patients (p = 0.004). The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism accounted for 3.4% of the variance in P2 latency. More...
P2		HTR1A(serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor gene)	gene	Chen, 2004	patients only	P-value<0.05	Patients with the C/C genotype had a significantly shorter P...... Patients with the C/C genotype had a significantly shorter P2 latency when compared with C/G or G/G genotype patients (p = 0.049), the difference in P2 latency was significant among the 5-HT1A genotype groups in male patients (p = 0.031) but not in female patients (p = 0.398). More...
P200		Hippocampus(limbic (hippocampal) regions)	brain morphology and function	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), tem...... P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), temporal and ventral prefrontal regions, key components of the signal detection network. More...
P200		temporal prefrontal regions(temporal prefrontal regions)	brain morphology and function	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), tem...... P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), temporal and ventral prefrontal regions, key components of the signal detection network. More...
P200		ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(ventral prefrontal regions)	brain morphology and function	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), tem...... P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), temporal and ventral prefrontal regions, key components of the signal detection network. More...
P2		dorsal anterior cingulate cortex(dorsal anterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function	Poulsen, 2009	patients and normal controls		Distributed linear-inverse source analysis of the ERP locali...... Distributed linear-inverse source analysis of the ERP localized the P2-medial frontal effect to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. More...
P200		Attention(attentional impairment)	cognition and behavior	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		This P200 increase in depression could provide a potential m...... This P200 increase in depression could provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment frequently observed in depression More...
P200		Reaction time(slower and more variable response times)	cognition and behavior	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		The key finding was a dimensional exaggeration of the P200 (...... The key finding was a dimensional exaggeration of the P200 (140-270 ms) to both target (signal) and non-target (noise) stimuli, most pronounced in MDD, followed by PDM, relative to CTL. This exaggeration was coupled with slower and more variable response times, suggesting that neural systems are attempting to compensate for a difficulty in discriminating signal from noise. More...
P200		Attention(attentional impairment)	cognition and behavior	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) a...... The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) and subsequent context processing (N200/P300 complex) may provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment that is frequently observed in depression, particularly in more severe depression. More...
P2		Cognitive processing bias(affective bias)	cognition and behavior	Yang, 2011	patients only		Compared to controls, MDD patients showed enlarged anterior ...... Compared to controls, MDD patients showed enlarged anterior P2 amplitude to positive target stimuli, reflecting an affective bias in the early attentional stages of processing. More...
P200		Depressed mood(depressed mood)	symptoms	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		Stepwise regression analysis also revealed that depression s...... Stepwise regression analysis also revealed that depression severity, but not psychomotor slowing, contributed to increases in P200 amplitude. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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