Cognition and Behavior Report

Name	Attention
Description	Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of processing resources.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	29 (29/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
impaired performance on attentionally demanding tasks	Kerr, 2005	patients and normal controls		Our findings suggest that both BP and MDD patients demonstra...... Our findings suggest that both BP and MDD patients demonstrate impaired performance on neutral and emotionally salient attentionally demanding tasks. More...
attentional deficit	Erickson, 2005	patients and normal controls		On the Affective Go/No-Go Task, depressed patients made more...... On the Affective Go/No-Go Task, depressed patients made more omission errors during happy than sad word blocks and required more time to respond to happy than to sad words. In contrast, healthy subjects required more time to respond to sad than to happy words. More...
impaired performance on attentionally demanding tasks	Paelecke-Habermann, 2005	patients and normal controls		Euthymic patients with MDD showed deficits in all tests rela...... Euthymic patients with MDD showed deficits in all tests related to attentional functions compared to healthy controls. More...
impaired on tasks of attention	Sarosi, 2007	patients and normal controls		Patients with depression relative to controls were significa...... Patients with depression relative to controls were significantly impaired on tasks of attention. More...
decreased ability to concentrate	Koetsier, 2002	patients and normal controls		We found that the unmedicated patients had a significantly i...... We found that the unmedicated patients had a significantly impaired performance on all Continuous Performance Test parameters (reaction time, omission errors and commission errors) in comparison to the controls. More...
poor concentration	Serretti, 2004	patients only		The most frequently represented depressive symptoms in MDD w...... The most frequently represented depressive symptoms in MDD were Loss of energy/tiredness, Loss of pleasure, Poor concentration, and Sleep disorders. More...
attention	O'Brien, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressed subjects showed multiple impairments in attention,...... Depressed subjects showed multiple impairments in attention, working memory, visual memory, verbal memory, new learning, and executive function in relation to comparison subjects. More...
attention	Rapp, 2005	patients only		Patients with late-onset major depressive disorder showed sp...... Patients with late-onset major depressive disorder showed specific deficits in attention function More...
problems with concentration	Krishnakumar, 2006	patients only		Children with depressive disorder had significantly more fam...... Children with depressive disorder had significantly more family members affected with mental illnesses. The clinical features included diminished interest in play and activities, excessive tiredness, low self- esteem, problems with concentration, multiple somatic complaints, behavior symptoms like anger and aggression, recent deterioration in school performance and suicidal behavior. More...
attention	Wilkinson, 2006	patients and normal controls		Compared to controls, depressed participants were significan...... Compared to controls, depressed participants were significantly slower at switching attention. More...
decreased concentration	Fu, 2008	patients only		The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%),...... The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%), depressed mood (72.4%), decreased concentration (62.1%), and irritability (58.6%). More...
attention	Reppermund, 2009	patients and normal controls		In acute depression, we found impairments of information pro...... In acute depression, we found impairments of information processing/attention, memory, and executive functions. Cognitive impairments remained in a high proportion of patients, even after remission of psychopathological symptoms. More...
attention facilitation	Leung, 2009	patients and normal controls		The enhanced facilitation of attention to stimuli in the pos...... The enhanced facilitation of attention to stimuli in the positive-priming task by the negative valence was only found in the depressed patients, not in the healthy controls. More...
poor concentration	Mitchell, 2009	patients only		The most clinically valuable rule-out items were depressed m...... The most clinically valuable rule-out items were depressed mood, diminished interest/pleasure and poor concentration. More...
attention facilitation	Leung, 2009	patients and normal controls		The depressed group exhibited enhanced attention facilitatio...... The depressed group exhibited enhanced attention facilitation to depressive words relative to neutral words, whereas the control group did not. More...
attention	Kaymak, 2010	patients and normal controls		Patients were found to have significantly lower scores on me...... Patients were found to have significantly lower scores on measures of attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, executive functions, and visual and verbal memory fields. More...
attention deficits	Li, 2010	patients and normal controls		VBM ( voxel-based morphometric) and neuropsychological studi...... VBM ( voxel-based morphometric) and neuropsychological studies were conducted on all patients and 25 healthy controls, revealed milder visual attention deficits than did controls. More...
attentional impairment	Baune, 2010	patients and normal controls		Those individuals with previous depression had lasting cogni...... Those individuals with previous depression had lasting cognitive impairments in the domains of immediate memory and attention as compared with healthy controls, individuals with current depression had lower scores in the visuospatial/constructional and attention domains and the total score than individuals with previous depression. More...
attentional inhibition for negative material	Dai, 2011	patients and normal controls		MDD participants had higher interference effects for negativ...... MDD participants had higher interference effects for negative words compared with the other two groups and those of positive stimuli. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
attention deficits		CACNA1C(CACNA1C)	gene	Thimm, 2011	normal people		Our results suggest that CACNA1C plays a role in the develop...... Our results suggest that CACNA1C plays a role in the development of specific attention deficits in psychiatric disorders by modulation of neural attention networks. More...
attentional processes		Protein S100-B(S100B)	protein	Dietrich, 2004	patients only		Patients with increased S100B serum levels (n=6) showed a no...... Patients with increased S100B serum levels (n=6) showed a normal N2- and P3-amplitude in contrast to a reduced N2- and P3-amplitude in patients with normal S100B serum levels (n=6). These findings provide evidence of a correlation between S100B levels and attentional processes in patients with recurrent depression. More...
attention/concentration		Polyspikes(polyspike wave)	neurobiological system	Azuma, 2007	patients only		The longer the polyspike wave duration, the higher the atten...... The longer the polyspike wave duration, the higher the attention/concentration test results. More...
attentional impairment		P200(P200)	neurobiological system	Kemp, 2009	patients and normal controls		This P200 increase in depression could provide a potential m...... This P200 increase in depression could provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment frequently observed in depression More...
attentional impairment		N200/P300 complex(N200/P300 complex)	neurobiological system	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) a...... The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) and subsequent context processing (N200/P300 complex) may provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment that is frequently observed in depression, particularly in more severe depression. More...
attentional impairment		P200(P200)	neurobiological system	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) a...... The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) and subsequent context processing (N200/P300 complex) may provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment that is frequently observed in depression, particularly in more severe depression. More...
constraining attention		medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)(medial prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Monk, 2008	high-risk people and normal controls		Exploratory analysis showed that constraining attention was ...... Exploratory analysis showed that constraining attention was associated with greater medial prefrontal cortex activation in the high-risk than in the low-risk group. More...
attention		medial orbitofrontal cortex(medial orbitofrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Desseilles, 2009	patients and normal controls		Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hype...... Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hyperactivity in subgenual cingulate/medial orbitofrontal cortex that was modulated by attentional load. More...
attention		Subgenual cingulate(subgenual cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function	Desseilles, 2009	patients and normal controls		Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hype...... Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hyperactivity in subgenual cingulate/medial orbitofrontal cortex that was modulated by attentional load. More...
impaired attention		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Li, 2010	patients and normal controls		Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(g...... Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(gray matter volume) differences in several cortical regions, thalamus and amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus. More...
impaired attention		Parahippocampal gyrus(parahippocampal gyrus)	brain morphology and function	Li, 2010	patients and normal controls		Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(g...... Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(gray matter volume) differences in several cortical regions, thalamus and amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus. More...
impaired attention		Thalamus(thalamus)	brain morphology and function	Li, 2010	patients and normal controls		Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(g...... Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(gray matter volume) differences in several cortical regions, thalamus and amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus. More...
attention		cingulum bundle(cingulum bundle)	brain morphology and function	Schermuly, 2010	patients only		FA(fractional anisotropy) of the middle-anterior and middle-...... FA(fractional anisotropy) of the middle-anterior and middle-posterior cingulum bundle was significantly correlated to the performance in a planning and divided attention task. More...
severe difficulty concentrating		Somatic symptoms(chronic painful physical condition)	symptoms	Ohayon, 2004	patients only		Compared with MDD subjects without chronic pain, MDD subject...... Compared with MDD subjects without chronic pain, MDD subjects with a CPPC(chronic painful physical condition) had a longer duration of depressive symptoms (7 months longer) and were more likely to report severe difficulty concentrating (OR = 1.7), and severe feelings of sadness or depressed mood (OR = 1.8). More...
inability to focus		Fatigue(fatigue)	symptoms	Pedrelli, 2010	patients only		Fatigue was significantly associated with inability to focus...... Fatigue was significantly associated with inability to focus, alertness, and feeling blue More...
difficulty with concentration		Apathy(apathy)	symptoms	Pedrelli, 2010	patients only		Low interest and difficulty with concentration were associat...... Low interest and difficulty with concentration were associated with apathy More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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