MK4MDD

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Study Report

Reference

Citation	Costafreda, 2009 PubMed
Full Info	Costafreda, S.G., Chu, C., Ashburner, J. and Fu, C.H. (2009) Prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neuroanatomy of depression. PLoS One, 4, e6353.

Study

Hypothesis or Background	Depression is experienced as a persistent low mood or anhedonia accompanied by behavioural and cognitive disturbances which impair day to day functioning. However, the diagnosis is largely based on self-reported symptoms, and there are no neurobiological markers to guide the choice of treatment. In the present study, we examined the prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neural correlates of depression.
Sample Information	Subjects were 37 patients with major depressive disorder (mean age 43.2 years), medication-free, in an acute depressive episode, and 37 healthy individuals.
Method Detail	Following the MRI scan, 30 patients underwent treatment with the antidepressant medication fluoxetine or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
Method Keywords	magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Result	Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, the whole brain structural neuroanatomy predicted 88.9% of the clinical response, prior to the initiation of treatment (88.9% patients in clinical remission (sensitivity) and 88.9% patients with residual symptoms (specificity), p = 0.01). Accuracy of the structural neuroanatomy as a diagnostic marker though was 67.6% (64.9% patients (sensitivity) and 70.3% healthy individuals (specificity), p = 0.027).
Conclusions	The structural neuroanatomy of depression shows high predictive potential for clinical response to antidepressant medication, while its diagnostic potential is more limited. The present findings provide initial steps towards the development of neurobiological prognostic markers for depression.

Relationships reported by Costafreda, 2009

Component A Approved Name (Name in Paper)	Component A Type	Component B Approved Name (Name in Paper)	Component B Type	Statistical Result	Relationship Description	Result Category (Positive/Negative))
MDD	syndrome	Medial frontal gyrus (medial frontal gyrus)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the medial frontal gyrus (BA 11) showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Precuneus (precuneus)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in precuneus (BA 7) showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	left middle frontal gyrus (left middle frontal gyrus)	brain morphology and function		Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, clinical remission was predicted by greater grey matter density in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA 6).	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Cerebellum (cerebellum)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the cerebellum showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Thalamus (thalamus)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the thalamus showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	left inferior parietal cortex (left inferior parietal cortex)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the left inferior parietal cortex (BA 40) showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Superior temporal gyrus (superior temporal cortex)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the superior temporal cortex (BA 22), showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Hippocampus (hippocampus)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the hippocampus showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Cingulate cortex (cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, clinical remission was predicted by greater grey matter density in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (BA32), left posterior cingulate cortex (BA 31).	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Parieto-occipital cortex (occipital cortex)	brain morphology and function		Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, clinical remission was predicted by greater grey matter density in the right occipital cortex (BA 19). Decreased grey matter density in the occipital (BA 19) cortex showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	right subgenual anterior cingulate (right subgenual anterior cingulate)	brain morphology and function		Decreased grey matter density in the right subgenual anterior cingulate (BA 25) showed the highest contribution to the diagnosis of depression.	Positive