Symptoms Report

Name	Irritability
Description	Irritability is an excessive response to stimuli. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli; It is usually used to refer to anger or frustration. Irritability may be demonstrated in behavioral responses to both physiological and behavioral stimuli including environmental, situational, sociological, and emotional stimuli.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	21 (21/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
irritability	Luby, 2003	normal people		Anhedonia appeared to be a specific symptom and sadness/irri...... Anhedonia appeared to be a specific symptom and sadness/irritability appeared to be a sensitive symptom of preschool MDD. More...
aggressiveness	Pasquini, 2004	patients only	21.60%	The anger/irritability dimension was clinically relevant in ...... The anger/irritability dimension was clinically relevant in 23% of patients. Anger/aggressiveness was especially frequent (21.6%), whereas psychomotor activation was infrequent (0.9%). More...
irritability	Pasquini, 2004	patients only	23% of patients	The anger/irritability dimension was clinically relevant in ...... The anger/irritability dimension was clinically relevant in 23% of patients. More...
behavior symptoms like anger and aggression	Krishnakumar, 2006	patients only		Children with depressive disorder had significantly more fam...... Children with depressive disorder had significantly more family members affected with mental illnesses. The clinical features included diminished interest in play and activities, excessive tiredness, low self- esteem, problems with concentration, multiple somatic complaints, behavior symptoms like anger and aggression, recent deterioration in school performance and suicidal behavior. More...
irritability	Fu, 2008	patients only	58.60%	The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%),...... The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%), depressed mood (72.4%), decreased concentration (62.1%), and irritability (58.6%). More...
aggression	Hurley, 2008	patients and normal controls		for depressed patients, aggression and impulsivity were sign...... for depressed patients, aggression and impulsivity were significant compared with anxiety patients and controls. More...
impulsivity	Hurley, 2008	patients and normal controls		for depressed patients, aggression and impulsivity were sign...... for depressed patients, aggression and impulsivity were significant compared with anxiety patients and controls. More...
irritability	Perlis, 2009	patients only		Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but i...... Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but irritability is associated with greater overall severity, anxiety comorbidity and suicidality. More...
irritability	Fava, 2010	patients only		Irritability was especially common in MDD among respondents ...... Irritability was especially common in MDD among respondents in the age range 18-44 and students. More...
irritability	Stringaris, 2009	normal people	odds ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.78	After adjustment for baseline emotional and behavioral disor...... After adjustment for baseline emotional and behavioral disorders, irritability in adolescence predicted major depressive disorder (odds ratio=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.78]) at 20-year follow-up. More...
impulsivity	Maalouf, 2011	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.01, d = 0.85 and P-value = 0.008, d = 0.49 respectively	MDDa showed more impulsivity as measured by lower response b...... MDDa showed more impulsivity as measured by lower response bias (B¡å) on a sustained attention task than both MDDr and HC (p=0.01, d=0.85 and p=0.008, d=0.49 respectively). More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
aggression and impulsivity		Prolactin(prolactin)	protein	Sher, 2003	patients and normal controls		We also found a negative correlation between aggression and ...... We also found a negative correlation between aggression and impulsivity scores and prolactin responses in subgroup with unipolar but not bipolar depression. More...
aggression		D(1A) dopamine receptor(dopamine 1 (D1) receptor)	protein	Dougherty, 2006	patients and normal controls		[(11)C]SCH 23,390 binding in bilateral striata was signific...... [(11)C]SCH 23,390 binding in bilateral striata was significantly lower in the MDD+A group when compared to healthy volunteers. These results implicate striatal D1 receptor dysfunction in MDD+A and further suggest an association between dopaminergic transmission and anger or aggression. More...
increased irritability		Leptin receptor(leptin receptor (Lepr))	protein	Liu J, 2011	animal model		In vivo electrophysiological recordings of dopamine neurons ...... In vivo electrophysiological recordings of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area revealed an increase in burst firing in Lepr(DAT-Cre) mice(a line of conditional knockout mice lacking functional Lepr selectively on dopamine neurons) More...
aggressivity		Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid(5hydroxyindolacetic acid)	molecule	Placidi, 2001	patients only		Higher lifetime aggressivity correlated significantly with l...... Higher lifetime aggressivity correlated significantly with lower CSF(cerebrospinal fluid) 5-HIAA(5hydroxyindolacetic acid). More...
anger attacks		Homocysteine(homocysteine)	molecule	Fraguas, 2006	patients and normal controls	P-value<0.05	serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with...... serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with length of current major depressive episode (t value, 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09 to .43; p = .004) and HAM-D-17 scores (t value, 2.48; 95% CI, .07 to 0.64; p = .016) in patients with anger attacks More...
increased irritability		Dopamine(dopamine)	molecule	Liu J, 2011	animal model		Blockade of D1-dependent dopamine transmission in the centra...... Blockade of D1-dependent dopamine transmission in the central amygdala by local microinjection of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 attenuated the anxiogenic phenotype of Lepr(DAT-Cre) mice More...
increased irritability		mapkkk cascade(ERK pathway)	pathway	Qi X, 2009	animal model		The inhibition of the ERK pathway in dHP resulted in anhedon...... The inhibition of the ERK pathway in dHP resulted in anhedonia and anxiety-like behavior, and the ERK pathway inhibition in the mPFC induced anhedonia and locomotor impairment in rats More...
hostility		Serotonergic system(serotonergic system)	neurobiological system	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal...... Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal cortical regions (BA 21 and 22). More...
impulsivity		Serotonergic system(serotonergic system)	neurobiological system	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Impulsivity was positively correlated with rCMRglu in superi...... Impulsivity was positively correlated with rCMRglu in superior and middle frontal cortex (BA 6 and 44). More...
increased irritability		Hippocampus(hippocampus)	brain morphology and function	Qi X, 2009	animal model		The inhibition of the ERK pathway in dorsal hippocampus resu...... The inhibition of the ERK pathway in dorsal hippocampus resulted in anhedonia and anxiety-like behavior More...
increased irritability		Central amygdaloid nuclei(central amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Liu J, 2011	animal model		Blockade of D1-dependent dopamine transmission in the centra...... Blockade of D1-dependent dopamine transmission in the central amygdala by local microinjection of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 attenuated the anxiogenic phenotype of Lepr(DAT-Cre) mice More...
impulsivity		ventromedial prefrontal cortex(ventromedial PFC)	brain morphology and function	Oquendo, 2003	patients only		Lower ventromedial PFC activity was associated with lower li...... Lower ventromedial PFC activity was associated with lower lifetime impulsivity More...
anger attacks		Left amygdala(left amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Dougherty, 2004	patients and normal controls		Also, in controls, an inverse relationship was demonstrated ...... Also, in controls, an inverse relationship was demonstrated between regional cerebral blood flow changes during anger induction in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex and left amygdala, whereas in patients with MDD + A there was a positive correlation between these brain regions during anger induction. More...
anger attacks		left ventromedial prefrontal cortex(left ventromedial prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Dougherty, 2004	patients and normal controls	P-value <.001	Controls showed significantly (P<.001) greater regional cere...... Controls showed significantly (P<.001) greater regional cerebral blood flow increases in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex during anger induction than patients with MDD + A(major depressive disorder with anger attacks). Also, in controls, an inverse relationship was demonstrated between regional cerebral blood flow changes during anger induction in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex and left amygdala, whereas in patients with MDD + A there was a positive correlation between these brain regions during anger induction. More...
impulsivity		Fronto-parietal connection(frontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Impulsivity was positively correlated with rCMRglu in superi...... Impulsivity was positively correlated with rCMRglu in superior and middle frontal cortex (BA 6 and 44). More...
hostility		Temporal Lobe(temporal cortical regions)	brain morphology and function	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal...... Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal cortical regions (BA 21 and 22). More...
irritability		Conflict processing(cognitive conflict)	cognition and behavior	Bob, 2006	patients only	correlation 0.61	Significant correlation 0.61 between largest Lyapunov expone...... Significant correlation 0.61 between largest Lyapunov exponents and LSCL-33 found in this study indicate that a defect of neural inhibition during conflicting Stroop task is closely related to limbic irritability. More...
aggressive		Suicide(suicide intent)	symptoms	Horesh, 2003	patients only		Suicidal versus nonsuicidal adolescents were more depressed,...... Suicidal versus nonsuicidal adolescents were more depressed, hopeless, and aggressive, but not more angry or impulsive. More...
Irritability		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Perlis, 2005	normal people		Irritability was correlated with overall depressive severity...... Irritability was correlated with overall depressive severity, which accounted for nearly all of the clinical differences noted, with the exception of vascular disease, for which the association persisted after controlling for age, sex, and depressive severity. More...
irritability		Increased agitation(anxiety)	symptoms	Perlis, 2009	patients only		Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but i...... Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but irritability is associated with greater overall severity, anxiety comorbidity and suicidality. More...
irritability		Suicide(suicidality)	symptoms	Perlis, 2009	patients only		Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but i...... Irritable depression is not a distinct subtype of MDD, but irritability is associated with greater overall severity, anxiety comorbidity and suicidality. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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