Study Report
Reference
| Citation | Bielau, 2007 PubMed |
| Full Info | Bielau, H., Steiner, J., Mawrin, C., Trubner, K., Brisch, R., Meyer-Lotz, G., Brodhun, M., Dobrowolny, H., Baumann, B., Gos, T. et al. (2007) Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in mood disorders: a postmortem study. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1096, 157-169.
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Study
| Hypothesis or Background |
Alterations of GABAergic neurotransmission are assumed to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts via binding to A and B receptors, whereas the B receptor is G protein-coupled. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the key enzyme of GABA synthesis.
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| Sample Information | patients with mood disorders (P) and 19 controls (C). In the patients' group were 11 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and 9 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). |
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| Method Detail | Immunohistochemical staining of GAD 65/67-immunoreactive neurons was performed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal cortex, hippocampus formation, and mediodorsal thalamus with consecutive determination of neuronal density in 20 brains of patients with mood disorders (P) and 19 controls (C).The data were tested statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests. |
| Method Keywords | postmortem study; immunocytochemical analysis |
| Result | ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups (C, BD, MDD) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus. Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in unipolar patients compared with bipolar patients and controls in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus. In the orbitofrontal cortex, a higher neuronal density was found in bipolar and unipolar patients compared with controls. In mood disorder patients, dose equivalents of antidepressants given prior to death correlated positively with the neuronal density in superior temporal cortex and hippocampus. |
| Conclusions | The current data on GAD 65/67 point to a dysregulation of the GABAergic system in mood disorders. Possibly, existing deficits of GABAergic neurotransmission will be compensated or overcompensated by antidepressants. Additionally, albeit speculative, an imbalance between GABA production and transport might be of relevance. |
Relationships reported by
Bielau, 2007
| Component A Approved Name (Name in Paper) |
Component A Type |
Component B Approved Name (Name in Paper) |
Component B Type |
Statistical Result |
Relationship Description |
Result Category (Positive/Negative)) |
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Hippocampus (hippocampus) |
brain morphology and function |
|
Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in unipolar patients compared with bipolar patients and controls in hippocampus. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) |
brain morphology and function |
|
Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in unipolar patients compared with bipolar patients and controls in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD67) |
protein |
|
GAD 65/67-immunoreactive was significant differences among the groups (C, BD, MDD) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD65) |
protein |
|
GAD 65/67-immunoreactive was significant differences among the groups (C, BD, MDD) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and hippocampus. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Superior temporal gyrus (superior temporal cortex) |
brain morphology and function |
|
Post hoc tests demonstrated higher neuronal densities in unipolar patients compared with bipolar patients and controls in superior temporal cortex |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Orbitofrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex) |
brain morphology and function |
|
In the orbitofrontal cortex, a higher neuronal density was found in bipolar and unipolar patients compared with controls. |
Positive
|
