Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Temporal Lobe
Brain Morphology	The temporal lobe is a region of the cerebral cortex that is located beneath the Sylvian fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. The temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception and is home to the primary auditory cortex.
Brain Function	Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
Picture	Source
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	18(18/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
temporal regions	Sackeim, 1990	patients and normal controls		Both approaches indicated that the depressed sample had an a...... Both approaches indicated that the depressed sample had an abnormality in topographic distribution of blood flow, in addition to the global deficit. The scaled subprofile model identified the topographic abnormality as being due to flow reduction in the depressed patients in selective frontal, central, superior temporal, and anterior parietal regions. More...
temporal cortices	Messa, 2003	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.003 ANOVA; P-value = 0.001 ANCOVA	A significant reduction in binding index (BI) of [(18)F]FESP...... A significant reduction in binding index (BI) of [(18)F]FESP ( P=0.003 ANOVA, P=0.001 ANCOVA) was found in DN(drug-naive) patients in the frontal, occipital, temporal and cingulate cortices More...
temporal lobe	Agid, 2003	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.004	Mean volume of T2-WIH was significantly greater (p=0.004) in...... Mean volume of T2-WIH was significantly greater (p=0.004) in depressed subjects. In the control group T2-WIH(T2-weighted image 'hyperintensities') were exclusively located in the supratentorial hemispheral white matter while in the depressed group T2-WIH were also found in basal ganglia, temporal lobe, cerebellum and brainstem. More...
temporal regions	Canli, 2004	patients and normal controls		For happy words, depressed subjects exhibited less activatio...... For happy words, depressed subjects exhibited less activation than did controls to happy words in fronto-temporal and limbic regions. For sad words, depressed subjects showed more activation than did controls in the inferior parietal lobule and less activation in the superior temporal gyrus and cerebellum More...
parietotemporal cortical regions	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Depressed borderline patients had greater relative activity ...... Depressed borderline patients had greater relative activity in parietotemporal cortical regions (BA 40, BA 22, and BA 42) before and after FEN (fenfluramine) activation compared to those without BPD (borderline personality disorder). Borderline pathology in the context of a Major Depressive Disorder is associated with altered activity in parietotemporal cortical regions. More...
temporal areas	Langenecker, 2007	patients and normal controls		The MDD participants had greater activation compared with th...... The MDD participants had greater activation compared with the control group in frontal and anterior temporal areas during correct rejections (inhibition). More...
temporal lobe	Hasler, 2007	patients only		Comorbid MDD was associated with a significantly more pronou...... Comorbid MDD was associated with a significantly more pronounced reduction in 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in TLE ( temporal lobe epilepsy) patients, extending into non-lesional limbic brain areas outside the epileptic focus. More...
temporal lobes	Halari, 2009	patients and normal controls		Adolescents with depression compared to healthy controls dem...... Adolescents with depression compared to healthy controls demonstrated reduced activation in putamen, insula and temporal lobes during the Switch task. More...
temporal regions	Paquette, 2009	patients only		Before treatment, excessive high-beta (18-30 Hz) activity wa...... Before treatment, excessive high-beta (18-30 Hz) activity was noted in several brain regions located in the fronto-temporal regions. More...
temporal lobe	Abe, 2010	patients and normal controls		Local areas showing an increase of MD (mean diffusivity) in ...... Local areas showing an increase of MD (mean diffusivity) in depressive patients were observed in the temporal lobe More...
temporal cortices	Townsend, 2010	patients and normal controls		In a between-group comparison, patients showed significantly...... In a between-group comparison, patients showed significantly reduced activation in the insula, temporal and occipital cortices. More...
temporal lobes	Ahdidan, 2011	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients were found to have smaller temporal lobes...... Depressed patients were found to have smaller temporal lobes bilaterally, medulla and right hippocampus at baseline. More...
temporal regions	Zhang, 2011	patients and normal controls		The MDD patients exhibited reduced nodal centralities in the...... The MDD patients exhibited reduced nodal centralities in the temporal regions. More...
temporal cortice	Jin, 2011	patients and normal controls		Our results showed that the topological properties of depres...... Our results showed that the topological properties of depressed adolescents' networks were significantly disrupted compared with HC. Dysregulation of brain regions were found in the temporal cortices. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
temporal cortices		Dopamine(dopamine)	molecule	Lehto, 2008	patients and normal controls		Dopaminergic abnormalities may be present in the temporal co...... Dopaminergic abnormalities may be present in the temporal cortices of major depressives. More...
temporal area		gamma-Aminobutyric Acid receptor(GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor)	molecule	Klumpers, 2010	patients and normal controls		In the temporal area, [(11)C]FMZ binding showed a strong inv...... In the temporal area, [(11)C]FMZ binding showed a strong inverse correlation with HPA axis activity. More...
temporal cortical regions		Irritability(hostility)	symptoms	Oquendo, 2005	patients only		Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal...... Hostility was positively correlated with rCMRglu in temporal cortical regions (BA 21 and 22). More...
temporal regions		Suicide(suicide)	symptoms	Hwang, 2010	patients and normal controls		Compared with nonsuicidal counterpart, suicidal depression w...... Compared with nonsuicidal counterpart, suicidal depression was associated with decreased GM(gray matter) and WM(white matter) volume in the temporal regions More...
temporal regions		Psychotic symptoms(delusion)	symptoms	Lee, 2011	patients only		A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with hi...... A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with higher regional power in the frontal and temporal regions, and lower strengths at inter-hemispheric (frontal, temporal and parietal) and fronto-temporo-parietal connections. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web