Symptoms Report

Name	Psychotic symptoms
Description	In severe cases, depressed people may have symptoms of psychosis. These symptoms include delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations, usually unpleasant.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	19 (19/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
psychotic symptoms	Fu, 2008	patients only	29.30%	Fifty percent reported thoughts of death, and 29.3% presente...... Fifty percent reported thoughts of death, and 29.3% presented a variety of psychotic symptoms. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
paranoid ideation		DBH(DbetaH gene (DBH))	gene	Wood, 2002	patients and normal controls		Patients who possessed the A allele were significantly more ...... Patients who possessed the A allele were significantly more likely to have higher scores for interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia than patients without the A allele (p =.004 and p =.048, respectively), suggesting that this allele may predispose patients to paranoia in major depression. More...
dissociative symptoms		Prolactin(prolactin)	protein	Bob, 2007	patients only	r=0.52, P-value=0.004	Data show that prolactin manifests significant relationship ...... Data show that prolactin manifests significant relationship to dissociative symptoms (r=0.52, p=0.004). More...
psychotic depression		Pro-opiomelanocortin(adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH))	protein	Owashi, 2008	patients only		The psychotic depression group exhibited greater elevation o...... The psychotic depression group exhibited greater elevation of ACTH responses to the DEX/CRH test than the non-psychotic depression group at admission. More...
psychotic depression		Somatotropin(growth hormone (GH))	protein	Owashi, 2008	patients only		The psychotic depression group exhibited stronger decreases ...... The psychotic depression group exhibited stronger decreases in GH responses to the GHRH test than the non-psychotic depression group at admission. More...
dissociative symptoms		Prolactin(prolactin)	protein	Bob, 2008	patients only		The results show that prolactin and cortisol as indices of H...... The results show that prolactin and cortisol as indices of HPA axis functioning manifest significant relationship to dissociative symptoms. More...
psychosis		Hydrocortisone(cortisol)	molecule	Keller, 2006	patients and normal controls		Patients with depression with (PMD) and without (NPMD) psych...... Patients with depression with (PMD) and without (NPMD) psychosis and healthy control subjects were studied. PMDs had higher cortisol during the evening hours than did NPMDs or control subjects, who did not differ from one another. More...
psychotic major depression		Hydrocortisone(cortisol)	molecule	Gomez, 2006	patients and normal controls		PMDs(psychotic major depression) had elevated mean cortisol ...... PMDs(psychotic major depression) had elevated mean cortisol levels from 1800 to 0100 hours which were significantly correlated with poorer verbal memory and psychomotor speed performance. More...
somatoform dissociative symptoms		Hydrocortisone(cortisol)	molecule	Bob, 2008	patients only	r=-0.40; P-value=0.014	The results show that cortisol as an index of HPA axis funct...... The results show that cortisol as an index of HPA axis functioning manifests significant relationship to somatoform dissociative symptoms (r=-0.40; p=0.014). More...
psychiatric symptoms		Hydrocortisone(cortisol)	molecule	Lindqvist, 2008	patients and normal controls		Low cortisol levels at follow-up were associated with severe...... Low cortisol levels at follow-up were associated with severe psychiatric symptoms. More...
dissociative symptoms		Hydrocortisone(cortisol)	molecule	Bob, 2008	patients only		The results show that prolactin and cortisol as indices of H...... The results show that prolactin and cortisol as indices of HPA axis functioning manifest significant relationship to dissociative symptoms. More...
psychotic features		P300(P300)	neurobiological system	Karaaslan, 2003	patients and normal controls		Pretreatment P300 amplitudes were significantly decreased on...... Pretreatment P300 amplitudes were significantly decreased only in the patients with psychotic features. More...
somatoform dissociative symptoms		Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis)	neurobiological system	Bob, 2008	patients only	r=-0.40; P-value = 0.014	The results show that cortisol as an index of HPA axis funct...... The results show that cortisol as an index of HPA axis functioning manifests significant relationship to somatoform dissociative symptoms (r=-0.40; p=0.014). More...
psychotic symptoms		Insula(insula)	brain morphology and function	Skaf, 2002	patients and normal controls	corrected P-value < 0.031	Relative to the non-psychotic group, depressed patients with...... Relative to the non-psychotic group, depressed patients with psychotic symptoms also had a focus of decreased rCBF in the right inferior frontal cortex, with the voxel of maximal significance in the insula (P<0.031, corrected for multiple comparisons). More...
psychotic symptoms		left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex(left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function	Skaf, 2002	patients and normal controls	P-value < 0.001 one-tailed, uncorrected for multiple comparisons	Major depressed patients with psychotic features showed decr...... Major depressed patients with psychotic features showed decreased rCBF in the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex relative to both non-psychotic patients and healthy controls (P<0.001 one-tailed, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). More...
psychotic symptoms		right inferior frontal cortex(right inferior frontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Skaf, 2002	patients and normal controls	corrected P-value < 0.031	Relative to the non-psychotic group, depressed patients with...... Relative to the non-psychotic group, depressed patients with psychotic symptoms also had a focus of decreased rCBF in the right inferior frontal cortex, with the voxel of maximal significance in the insula (P<0.031, corrected for multiple comparisons). More...
psychotic symptoms		Caudate nucleus(caudate nucleus)	brain morphology and function	Gonul, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed si...... Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed significantly lower rCBF perfusion ratios in left parietal cortex, left cerebellum but had higher rCBF perfusion ratio in the left inferior frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. More...
psychotic symptoms		left cerebellum(left cerebellum)	brain morphology and function	Gonul, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed si...... Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed significantly lower rCBF perfusion ratios in left parietal cortex, left cerebellum but had higher rCBF perfusion ratio in the left inferior frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. More...
psychotic symptoms		left inferior frontal cortex(left inferior frontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Gonul, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed si...... Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed significantly lower rCBF perfusion ratios in left parietal cortex, left cerebellum but had higher rCBF perfusion ratio in the left inferior frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. More...
psychotic symptoms		left parietal cortex(left parietal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Gonul, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed si...... Depressive patients with psychotic features (DwPF) showed significantly lower rCBF perfusion ratios in left parietal cortex, left cerebellum but had higher rCBF perfusion ratio in the left inferior frontal cortex and caudate nucleus. More...
psychosis		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Keller, 2008	patients and normal controls		depressed patients with psychosis had a significantly smalle...... depressed patients with psychosis had a significantly smaller mean amygdala volume relative to depressed patients without psychosis and healthy comparison subjects More...
psychological symptoms		ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(ventrolateral prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Heinzel, 2009	patients only		Psychological symptoms correlated with signal changes in the...... Psychological symptoms correlated with signal changes in the dorsomedial and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex More...
psychotic symptoms		Temporo-parietal connection(right temporoparietal junction)	brain morphology and function	Garrett, 2011	patients and normal controls		The psychotic major depression group was unique in showing g...... The psychotic major depression group was unique in showing greater activation than both other groups in the right temporoparietal junction, a cluster that also demonstrated connectivity with activation in the left prefrontal cortex. More...
psychotic symptoms		left prefrontal cortex(left prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Garrett, 2011	patients and normal controls		The psychotic major depression group was unique in showing g...... The psychotic major depression group was unique in showing greater activation than both other groups in the right temporoparietal junction, a cluster that also demonstrated connectivity with activation in the left prefrontal cortex. More...
delusion		Frontal Lobe(frontal regions)	brain morphology and function	Lee, 2011	patients only		A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with hi...... A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with higher regional power in the frontal and temporal regions, and lower strengths at inter-hemispheric (frontal, temporal and parietal) and fronto-temporo-parietal connections. More...
delusion		Parietal Lobe(parietal regions)	brain morphology and function	Lee, 2011	patients only		A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with hi...... A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with higher regional power in the frontal and temporal regions, and lower strengths at inter-hemispheric (frontal, temporal and parietal) and fronto-temporo-parietal connections. More...
delusion		Temporal Lobe(temporal regions)	brain morphology and function	Lee, 2011	patients only		A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with hi...... A higher symptom severity of delusion was associated with higher regional power in the frontal and temporal regions, and lower strengths at inter-hemispheric (frontal, temporal and parietal) and fronto-temporo-parietal connections. More...
psychotic major depression		Cognitive performance(cognitive impairment)	cognition and behavior	Gomez, 2006	patients and normal controls		PMDs (psychotic major depression) had more severe cognitive ...... PMDs (psychotic major depression) had more severe cognitive impairments compared with NPMDs and HCs with the exception of simple verbal attention. More...
dissociation		Conflict processing(cognitive conflict)	cognition and behavior	Bob, 2009	patients and normal controls	correlation 0.58 (P-value < 0.01)	Significant correlation 0.58 (p<0.01) between largest Lyapun...... Significant correlation 0.58 (p<0.01) between largest Lyapunov exponents and DES(psychometric measurement of dissociation) found in depressive patients indicate that cognitive conflict related neural interference during conflicting Stroop task is closely related to dissociative processes. More...
psychotic features		Indecisiveness(indecisiveness)	symptoms	Gaudiano, 2008	patients only		Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) ...... Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) were more likely to endorse the presence of indecisiveness compared with NMD(nonpsychotic major depression) patients. More...
psychotic features		Sleep disturbances(insomnia)	symptoms	Gaudiano, 2008	patients only		Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) ...... Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) were more likely to endorse the presence of insomnia compared with NMD(nonpsychotic major depression) patients. More...
psychotic features		Increased agitation(psychomotor agitation)	symptoms	Gaudiano, 2008	patients only		Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) ...... Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) were more likely to endorse the presence of psychomotor agitation compared with NMD(nonpsychotic major depression) patients. More...
psychotic features		Suicide(suicidality)	symptoms	Gaudiano, 2008	patients only		Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) ...... Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) were more likely to endorse the presence of suicidality compared with NMD(nonpsychotic major depression) patients. More...
psychotic features		Decreased appetite(weight loss)	symptoms	Gaudiano, 2008	patients only		Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) ...... Patients with PMD(patients with psychotic major depression) were more likely to endorse the presence of weight loss compared with NMD(nonpsychotic major depression) patients. More...
paranoid symptoms		Rhythm disturbances(rhythm disturbances(eveningness-type))	symptoms	Gaspar-Barba, 2009	patients only		The eveningness-type group showed higher scores in suicidal ...... The eveningness-type group showed higher scores in suicidal thoughts, more impaired work and activities, higher paranoid symptoms, higher scores on the anxiety cluster (HRSD) More...

---

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web