Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	GAL
Approved Name	galanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Previous Symbol	GALN
Previous Name	"galanin", "galanin prepropeptide"
Symbol Alias	GMAP, GAL-GMAP, GLNN
Name Alias	"galanin-message-associated peptide", "galanin/GMAP prepropeptide"
Location	11q13.2
Position	chr11:68458456-68458643 (+)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 51083 Ensembl: ENSG00000069482 UCSC: uc001oob.3 HGNC ID: 4114
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	2(1/1)
Type	Literature-origin

Positive relationships between GAL and MDD (count: 0)

Positive relationships between GAL and other components at different levels (count: 3)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name (Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
galanin		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Davidson, 2011	animal model	arcuate nucleus and amygdala that also expressed the galanin...... arcuate nucleus and amygdala that also expressed the galanin peptide More...
galanin		Arcuate nucleus(arcuate nucleus)	brain morphology and function	Davidson, 2011	animal model	arcuate nucleus and amygdala that also expressed the galanin...... arcuate nucleus and amygdala that also expressed the galanin peptide More...
galanin		Paraventricular nucleus(paraventricular nucleus)	brain morphology and function	Davidson, 2011	animal model	GAL5.1 activated promoter activity in neurones of the PVN GAL5.1 activated promoter activity in neurones of the PVN

Positive relationship network of GAL in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between GAL and MDD (count: 1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
GAL	Wray, 2010	patients and normal controls		Top ten ranked genes from gene-based test for genes +/-50 kb...... Top ten ranked genes from gene-based test for genes +/-50 kb from start and stop positions More...

Negative relationships between GAL and other components at different levels (count: 0)

GAL related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 0)

GAL related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 0)

GAL related GO terms (count: 30)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0006954	inflammatory response	biological process	IEA

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0005615	extracellular space	cellular component	IDA[9402244]
GO:0031764	type 1 galanin receptor binding	molecular function	IDA[24517231]
GO:0010737	protein kinase A signaling	biological process	IDA[17982695]
GO:0019933	cAMP-mediated signaling	biological process	IDA[17982695]
GO:0035902	response to immobilization stress	biological process	IEA
GO:0005184	neuropeptide hormone activity	molecular function	IDA[24517231]; NAS[1722333]
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	biological process	IDA[24517231]
GO:1902891	negative regulation of root hair elongation	biological process	IDA[22329353]
GO:0043025	neuronal cell body	cellular component	IDA[23415787]
GO:0031765	type 2 galanin receptor binding	molecular function	IDA[24517231]
GO:0007218	neuropeptide signaling pathway	biological process	IBA
GO:0043627	response to estrogen	biological process	IEA
GO:0030141	secretory granule	cellular component	IBA
GO:1902608	positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	biological process	IDA[24602615]
GO:0032868	response to insulin	biological process	IEA
GO:0007399	nervous system development	biological process	IEA
GO:0051795	positive regulation of catagen	biological process	IDA[22329353]
GO:0030073	insulin secretion	biological process	NAS[1370155]
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	cellular component	IEA
GO:0007631	feeding behavior	biological process	IEA
GO:0050672	negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0042493	response to drug	biological process	IEA
GO:0031766	type 3 galanin receptor binding	molecular function	IDA[24517231]
GO:0043065	positive regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0004966	galanin receptor activity	molecular function	IMP[25691535]
GO:0031943	regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0005576	extracellular region	cellular component	TAS
GO:0051464	positive regulation of cortisol secretion	biological process	IDA[17982695]
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular function	IPI[23597562\|25416956\|25691535]

GAL related KEGG pathways (count: 0)

GAL related BioCarta pathways (count: 0)

GAL related Reactome pathways (count: 5)

ID	Name	Description
Gene mapped Reactome pathways
REACT_14828	class a1_rhodopsin_like_receptors	Rhodopsin-like receptors. They represent members which inclu...... Rhodopsin-like receptors. They represent members which include hormone, light and neurotransmitter receptors and encompass a wide range of functions including many autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. More...
REACT_21340	gpcr ligand_binding	There are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor. GPCRs ar...... There are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor. GPCRs are receptors for a diverse range of ligands from large proteins to photons and have an equal diverstiy of ligand-binding mechanisms. Classical GPCR signaling involves signal transduction via heterotrimeric G-proteins, however many G-protein independent mechanisms have been reported. More...
REACT_19184	downstream events_in_gpcr_signaling	G protein-coupled receptors. The beta:gamma G-protein dimer ...... G protein-coupled receptors. The beta:gamma G-protein dimer is also involved in downstream signaling , and some receptors form part of metastable complexes of receptor and accessory proteins such as the arrestins. GPCRs are involved in many diverse signaling events , using a variety of pathways that include modulation of adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. More...
REACT_19231	g alpha_i_signalling_events	The classical signalling mechanism for G alpha (i) is inhibi...... The classical signalling mechanism for G alpha (i) is inhibition of the cAMP dependent pathway through inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Decreased production of cAMP from ATP results in decreased activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. More...
REACT_14819	peptide ligand_binding_receptors	These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) ...... These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins. More...

GAL related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 3)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
GAL	GALR2	Yes	in vivo	9685625
GAL	GALR1	No	in vitro;in vivo	8617199 , 9808667 , 7524088
GAL	GPR151	No	in vitro	15111018

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped Reactome pathways