Cognition and Behavior Report

Name	Learning
Description	Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	9 (9/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
new learning	O'Brien, 2004	patients and normal controls		Depressed subjects showed multiple impairments in attention,...... Depressed subjects showed multiple impairments in attention, working memory, visual memory, verbal memory, new learning, and executive function in relation to comparison subjects. More...
recent deterioration in school performance	Krishnakumar, 2006	patients only		Children with depressive disorder had significantly more fam...... Children with depressive disorder had significantly more family members affected with mental illnesses. The clinical features included diminished interest in play and activities, excessive tiredness, low self- esteem, problems with concentration, multiple somatic complaints, behavior symptoms like anger and aggression, recent deterioration in school performance and suicidal behavior. More...
paired associative learning	Michopoulos, 2008	patients and normal controls		The MDD patients performed worse than controls on PAL(paired...... The MDD patients performed worse than controls on PAL(paired associative learning) and both executive tasks. More...
auditory learning	Considine, 2011	patients and normal controls		The MDD subjects performed significantly more poorly than th...... The MDD subjects performed significantly more poorly than the HC (healthy controls) subjects on an auditory learning and memory test More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
Learning		SLC17A7(vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1))	gene	Tordera RM, 2011	animal model		genes invovled in this pathwy were regulated in frontal cort...... genes invovled in this pathwy were regulated in frontal cortex of VGLUT1(+/-) mice More...
verbal learning		Choline(choline (Ch))	molecule	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...
verbal learning		Creatine(creatine (Cr))	molecule	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...
verbal learning		Inositol(myo-inositol (ml))	molecule	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...
verbal learning		Phosphorylcholine(phosphocholine (PCh))	molecule	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...
impaired learning		Forebrain(forebrain)	brain morphology and function	Jiang Y, 2010	animal model		Transgenic mice with increased Setdb1 expression in adult fo...... Transgenic mice with increased Setdb1 expression in adult forebrain neurons show antidepressant-like phenotypes in behavioral paradigms for anhedonia, despair, and learned helplessness. More...
implicit learning deficits		Depressed mood(melancholic features)	symptoms	Exner, 2009	patients and normal controls		Depressive subjects with melancholic features but not those ...... Depressive subjects with melancholic features but not those with non-melancholic depression showed implicit learning deficits. More...
impaired learning		Stress(stress)	environment	Garcia-Garcia AL, 2009	animal model		CMS induced anhedonia, helplessness, anxiety, and impaired r...... CMS induced anhedonia, helplessness, anxiety, and impaired recognition memory More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web