Molecule Report

Name	Choline
Description	A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
MeSH ID	D002794
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	11(10/1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
choline (Cho)	Kusumakar, 2001	patients and normal controls	t = 2.624, df 10, P-value = 0.025	Subjects with depression demonstrated lower left amygdala Ch...... Subjects with depression demonstrated lower left amygdala Cho-Cr ratios, compared with control subjects (paired t = 2.624, df 10, P = 0.025). More...
choline	Kumar, 2002	patients and normal controls		myo-Inositol/creatine and choline/creatine ratios were signi...... myo-Inositol/creatine and choline/creatine ratios were significantly higher in the frontal white matter in the major depression group than in the comparison group. More...
choline	Vythilingam, 2003	patients and normal controls		Compared with control subjects, MDD patients had a significa...... Compared with control subjects, MDD patients had a significantly lower mean NAA/Cr amplitude in the caudate and a significantly higher mean Cho/Cr amplitude in the putamen, particularly on the right side. More...
choline	Ende, 2007	patients and normal controls		Significantly lower choline-containing compounds in the hipp...... Significantly lower choline-containing compounds in the hippocampus and significantly higher choline-containing compounds in the putamen of patients with MDD compared to healthy subjects were found. More...
choline	Gabbay, 2007	patients and normal controls		Relative to comparison subjects, adolescents with major depr...... Relative to comparison subjects, adolescents with major depressive disorder had significantly elevated concentrations of choline (2.11 mM versus 1.56 mM) and creatine (6.65 mM versus 5.26 mM) in the left caudate. More...
choline (Cho)	Chen, 2009	patients and normal controls		Patients with late-life major depressive disorder had a sign...... Patients with late-life major depressive disorder had a significantly higher Cho/creatine in the left basal ganglia when compared with the control subjects. More...
Choline	Milne, 2009	patients and normal controls		Choline-containing compounds were significantly increased in...... Choline-containing compounds were significantly increased in patients with a high past illness burden relative to controls after controlling for hippocampal volume. More...
choline (tCho, cell membrane turnover biomarker)	Gabbay, 2010	patients and normal controls	P-value<0.05	Positive correlations were found only in the melancholic gro...... Positive correlations were found only in the melancholic group, between KYN and 3-HAA and tCho in the right caudate (r=0.93, p=0.03) and the left putamen (r=0.96, p=.006), respectively. More...
Choline (Cho)	Portella, 2011	patients and normal controls		Cho levels showed an opposite pattern: highest values were d...... Cho levels showed an opposite pattern: highest values were detected in chronic patients, correlating positively with duration of illness (r = 0.32; p = 0.03). More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
choline (Ch)		Reaction time(processing speed)	cognition and behavior	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...
choline (Ch)		Learning(verbal learning)	cognition and behavior	Elderkin-Thompson, 2004	patients and normal controls		There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of...... There was a significant difference in the overall pattern of associations between the four metabolites (Ch, PCh, Cr, and mI) and verbal learning and processing speed in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
choline	Auer, 2000	patients and normal controls		There was no significant group effect for the neuronal marke...... There was no significant group effect for the neuronal marker NAA, creatine, choline or myo-inositol in either localization. More...