Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	MAOA
Approved Name	monoamine oxidase A
Location	Xp11.4-p11.3
Position	chrX:43514155-43606071 (+)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 4128 Ensembl: ENSG00000189221 UCSC: uc004dfy.3 HGNC ID: 6833
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	12(9/3)
Type	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped

Positive relationships between MAOA and MDD (count: 7)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
MAO-A	Schulze, 2000	patients and normal controls		We observed a significantly increased frequency of genotypes...... We observed a significantly increased frequency of genotypes containing only long alleles in female patients with recurrent major depression in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls. More...
MAO-A	Du, 2004	patients and normal controls		The EcoRV polymorphism was found to be associated with depre...... The EcoRV polymorphism was found to be associated with depression in males but not in females. Haplotype analysis revealed that one of the haplotypes (EcoRV2-uVNTR1) was significantly more frequent among male patients than male controls. More...
MAOA	Yu, 2005	patients and normal controls	P-value=0.024	Our results showed a significantly increased frequency of 4-...... Our results showed a significantly increased frequency of 4-repeat (4R) allele in MDD patients, especially in the female population. Furthermore, MDD female patients who were 3R homozygotes had a significantly better response to 4-week fluoxetine treatment when compared to 4R carriers (p=0.024), More...
MAOA	Rivera M, 2009	nomal people	OR = 1.91; 95% CI=(1.26-2.91); P = 0.0014	We found associations between all three depressive phenotype...... We found associations between all three depressive phenotypes and either high-activity alleles or high-activity genotypes in both sexes. The associations were statistically significant for females but not for males. Testing the same associations on the entire sample (males and females) also yielded significant associations between depression and either high-activity alleles or high-activity genotype distribution that were independent of age and/or gender (ICD-10 DE: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.42-1.77; P = 0.00002; ICD-10-SDE: OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.38-3.05; P = 0.0002; DSM-IV MD: OR = 1.91; 95% CI: (1.26-2.91); P = 0.0014). More...
MAOA	Huang, 2009	patients and normal controls	P-value<0.05	Among the females, an association was found between MAOA pol...... Among the females, an association was found between MAOA polymorphisms and severe MDD (P=0.041 for uVNTR and 0.017 for EcoRV (rs1137070), respectively). More...
MAOA	Zhang, 2009	patients and normal controls	P-value=0.002	Compared with the normal controls, MAOA VNTR genotype was si...... Compared with the normal controls, MAOA VNTR genotype was significantly more frequent in female major depression patients (P=0.002), but not in male patients (P=0.17). More...
MAOA	Lung, 2011	patients and normal controls	chi2 = 4.182, P-value= 0.041	The MAOA 4R allele was more frequent in males with MDD than ...... The MAOA 4R allele was more frequent in males with MDD than in male community controls (chi2 = 4.182, p= 0.041). More...

Positive relationships between MAOA and other components at different levels (count: 3)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name (Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
MAOA		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Dannlowski, 2009	patients and normal controls	Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was significantly reduced i...... Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was significantly reduced in depressed patients and carriers of the higher active MAOA risk alleles (MAOA-H) More...
MAOA		dorsal prefrontal areas(dorsal prefrontal areas)	brain morphology and function	Dannlowski, 2009	patients and normal controls	Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was significantly reduced i...... Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was significantly reduced in depressed patients and carriers of the higher active MAOA risk alleles (MAOA-H) More...
MAO-A		Depressed mood(complicated grief)	symptoms	Kersting, 2007	patients and normal controls	The more active longer allele of the MAO-A VNTR was signific...... The more active longer allele of the MAO-A VNTR was significantly associated with complicated grief in the female subgroup of patients (chi(2) = 9.471, p = 0.002, OR = 9.208, 95% CI 2.129-38.899, Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.012), whereas there was no such effect in male patients. More...

Positive relationship network of MAOA in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between MAOA and MDD (count: 3)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
MAOA	Syagailo YV, 2001	Patients and nomal controls	Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in al...... Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between control and patient groups. More...
MAOA	Tadic A, 2003	Patients and nomal controls	No association was observed in MD No association was observed in MD
MAOA	Gutierrez B, 2004		No association was found between the uMAOA locus and bipolar...... No association was found between the uMAOA locus and bipolar disorder or major depression. More...

Negative relationships between MAOA and other components at different levels (count: 0)

MAOA related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 1)

#rs	Location	Annotation	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
rs1137070	chrX:43603391(Forward)	nc_transcript_variant; non_coding_exon_variant; synonymous_variant	2(2/0)

MAOA related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 2)

Approved Name	UniportKB	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	Source
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	P21397	4(4/0)	Literature-origin
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing]	P21397; P27338	1(1/0)	Literature-origin

MAOA related GO terms (count: 12)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	biological process	TAS

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0042136	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0042420	dopamine catabolic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0042135	neurotransmitter catabolic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0006576	cellular biogenic amine metabolic process	biological process	TAS[8211186]
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0005741	mitochondrial outer membrane	cellular component	TAS
GO:0007610	behavior	biological process	TAS[8211186]
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0008131	primary amine oxidase activity	molecular function	TAS
GO:0007269	neurotransmitter secretion	biological process	TAS
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	cellular component	IEA

MAOA related KEGG pathways (count: 7)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa00350	tyrosine metabolism	Tyrosine metabolism
hsa00360	phenylalanine metabolism	Phenylalanine metabolism
hsa00380	tryptophan metabolism	Tryptophan metabolism
hsa00260	glycine serine_and_threonine_metabolism	Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediat...... Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis , and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate. More...
hsa00340	histidine metabolism	Histidine metabolism
hsa00330	arginine and_proline_metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism
hsa00982	drug metabolism_cytochrome_p450	Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

MAOA related BioCarta pathways (count: 0)

MAOA related Reactome pathways (count: 6)

ID	Name	Description
Gene mapped Reactome pathways
REACT_13477	transmission across_chemical_synapses	Chemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used fo...... Chemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron, muscle cell or glad cell. The pre and the post-synaptic cell are separated by a gap of 20nm called the synaptic cleft. The signals pass in a unidirection from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic. The pre-synaptic neuron communicates via the release of neurotransmitter which bind the receptors on the post-synaptic cell. More...
REACT_13433	biological oxidations	All organisms are constantly exposed to foreign chemicals ev...... All organisms are constantly exposed to foreign chemicals every day. These can be man-made. Once chemicals undergo functionalization, the electrophilic or nucleophilic species can be detrimental to biological systems. Electrophiles can react with electron-rich macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA by covalent interaction whilst nucleophiles have the potential to interact with biological receptors. That's why conjugation is so important as it mops up these potentially reactive species. Many chemicals, when exposed to certain metabolizing enzymes can induce those enzymes, a process called enzyme induction. The effect of this is that these chemicals accelerate their own biotransformation and excretion. The reverse is also true where some chemicals cause enzyme inhibition. Some other factors that alter enzyme levels are sex, age and genetic predisposition. Between species, there can be considerable differences in biotransformation ability which is a problem faced by drug researchers interpreting toxicological results to humans. More...
REACT_649	phase 1_functionalization	Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, t...... Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions. There are two groups of enzymes in phase 1 - oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Oxidoreductases introduce an oxygen atom into or remove electrons from their substrates. The major oxidoreductase enzyme system is called the P450 monooxygenases. Other systems include flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), cyclooxygenases (COX) and monoamine oxidases (MAO). Hydrolases hydrolyse esters, amides, epoxides and glucuronides. More...
REACT_13723	neurotransmitter release_cycle	Neurotransmitter is stored in the synaptic vesicle in the pr...... Neurotransmitter is stored in the synaptic vesicle in the pre-synaptic terminal prior to its release in the synaptic cleft upon depolarization of the pre-synaptic membrane. The release of the neurotransmitter is a multi-step process that is controlled by electrical signals passing through the axons in form of action potential. Neurotransmitters include glutamate, acetylcholine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and seratonin. Each of the neurotransmitter cycle is independently described. More...
REACT_15418	norepinephrine neurotransmitter_release_cycle	Noradrenalin release cycle consists of reacidification of th...... Noradrenalin release cycle consists of reacidification of the empty clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle, loading of dopamine into reacidified clathrin coated monamine transport vesicle, conversion of dopamine into Noradrenalin, docking and priming of the noradrenalin synaptic veiscle and then release of noradrenalin synaptic vesicle. In the peripheral nervous system in the peripheral nervous system noradrenalin is stored in large and small dense vesicles and is realesed from large vesicles. More...
REACT_13705	phase 1_functionalization_of_compounds	Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, t...... Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions. There are two groups of enzymes in phase 1 - oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Oxidoreductases introduce an oxygen atom into or remove electrons from their substrates. The major oxidoreductase enzyme system is called the P450 monooxygenases. Other systems include flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), cyclooxygenases (COX) and monoamine oxidases (MAO). Hydrolases hydrolyse esters, amides, epoxides and glucuronides. More...

MAOA related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 2)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
MAOA	MAOA	Yes	in vitro	16129825
MAOA	NDRG1	No	in vivo	17220478

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Gene mapped Reactome pathways