Reactome Pathway Report
Basic Information
| ID |
|
| Name |
phase 1_functionalization_of_compounds
|
| Description |
Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions. There are two groups of enzymes in phase 1 - oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Oxidoreductases introduce an oxygen atom into or remove electrons from their substrates. The major oxidoreductase enzyme system is called the P450 monooxygenases. Other systems include flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), cyclooxygenases (COX) and monoamine oxidases (MAO). Hydrolases hydrolyse esters, amides, epoxides and glucuronides.
|
REACT_13705 related genes in MK4MDD (count: 6)
| Approved Symbol |
Approved Name |
Type |
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative) |
| MAOA |
monoamine oxidase A |
Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped
|
12(9/3) |
| CYP19A1 |
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 |
Literature-origin
|
1(1/0) |
| SMOX |
spermine oxidase |
Literature-origin
|
1(1/0) |
| MAOB |
monoamine oxidase B |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| CYP2C9 |
cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 |
Literature-origin; SNP mapped
|
1(1/0) |
| ACSS1 |
acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
