Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	IL1B
Approved Name	interleukin 1, beta
Symbol Alias	IL1F2, IL-1B, IL1-BETA
Location	2q14
Position	chr2:113587337-113594356 (-)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 3553 Ensembl: ENSG00000125538 UCSC: uc002tii.1 HGNC ID: 5992
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	3(2/1)
Type	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped

Positive relationships between IL1B and MDD (count: 2)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
IL-1beta	Yu, 2003	patients and normal controls		No significant difference was found in the genetic polymorph...... No significant difference was found in the genetic polymorphism between MDD patients and controls. However, MDD patients who were homozygous for the -511T allele of the IL-1beta gene had a trend of less severity of depressive symptoms and more favorable fluoxetine therapeutic response than -511C carriers. More...
IL1B	Hwang, 2009	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.021	Compared with depressed subjects carrying the -511C allele, ...... Compared with depressed subjects carrying the -511C allele, depressed subjects who were -511T homozygotes showed a significantly later depression age of onset of 7 years (P = 0.021). More...

Positive relationships between IL1B and other components at different levels (count: 0)

Positive relationship network of IL1B in MK4MDD

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between IL1B and MDD (count: 1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
interleukin-1beta	Borkowska, 2011	patients and normal controls	P-value=0.064	A specific haplotype in this gene, composed of the C allele ...... A specific haplotype in this gene, composed of the C allele at -31 and the T allele at -511, has a tendency to have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.064) between patients and control group. More...

Negative relationships between IL1B and other components at different levels (count: 0)

IL1B related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 2)

#rs	Location	Annotation	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
rs16944	chr2:113594867(Forward)	upstream_gene_variant	1(1/0)
rs1143643	chr2:113588302(Forward)	downstream_gene_variant; intron_variant; nc_transcript_variant	1(1/0)

IL1B related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 1)

Approved Name	UniportKB	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	Source
Interleukin-1 beta	P01584	6(4/2)	Literature-origin

IL1B related GO terms (count: 76)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0043491	protein kinase B signaling cascade	biological process	IMP
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	biological process	TAS[9218611]
GO:0000165	MAPK cascade	biological process	IMP
GO:0006954	inflammatory response	biological process	IDA[10748004]; NAS[1919436]

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0030213	hyaluronan biosynthetic process	biological process	IDA[15100360]
GO:0045080	positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	biological process	IDA[15100360]
GO:0007566	embryo implantation	biological process	TAS[16720713]
GO:0051044	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	biological process	IDA[18373975]
GO:0060355	positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	biological process	NAS[19281832]
GO:0005829	cytosol	cellular component	TAS
GO:0033198	response to ATP	biological process	IEA
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	molecular function	IDA[1919436]; IMP[2989698]
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	biological process	IDA[3493774]
GO:0032308	positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	biological process	ISS
GO:0045086	positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process	biological process	IMP[2989698]
GO:0043407	negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0031622	positive regulation of fever generation	biological process	ISS
GO:0070487	monocyte aggregation	biological process	IDA[15100360]
GO:0070164	negative regulation of adiponectin secretion	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0045410	positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0050996	positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0035066	positive regulation of histone acetylation	biological process	NAS
GO:0060559	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	biological process	IDA[17023519]
GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	biological process	IDA[12958148]
GO:0043123	positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade	biological process	IEA
GO:0035690	cellular response to drug	biological process	IDA[19158679]
GO:0001660	fever generation	biological process	IEA
GO:0002711	positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity	biological process	IC[1919436]
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	molecular function	IEA
GO:0042346	positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus	biological process	IDA[18390750]
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	IDA[10748004]
GO:0030949	positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	biological process	IC[12958148]
GO:0032757	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	biological process	IDA[19524870]
GO:0033129	positive regulation of histone phosphorylation	biological process	NAS
GO:0045833	negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0005615	extracellular space	cellular component	IDA[12483741]; IMP[3493774]
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	biological process	IDA[10748004]; NAS[16477012]
GO:0006955	immune response	biological process	IEA
GO:0010575	positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production	biological process	IDA[12958148]; ISS
GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	biological process	IDA[10748004]
GO:0032729	positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	biological process	IDA
GO:0032755	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	biological process	TAS[16865359]
GO:0046627	negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0046827	positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	biological process	NAS[19281832]
GO:0034116	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	biological process	IDA[15100360]; NAS[19281832]
GO:0071310	cellular response to organic substance	biological process	IDA[19158679]
GO:0014805	smooth muscle adaptation	biological process	NAS[16477012]
GO:0051091	positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	biological process	IDA[10748004]
GO:0010829	negative regulation of glucose transport	biological process	ISS[16865359]
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	biological process	IEA
GO:0071260	cellular response to mechanical stimulus	biological process	IEP[19593445]
GO:0030730	sequestering of triglyceride	biological process	IDA[19032770]
GO:0050796	regulation of insulin secretion	biological process	IDA[8383325]
GO:0042102	positive regulation of T cell proliferation	biological process	IDA[1919436]
GO:0043122	regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade	biological process	IDA[10748004]
GO:0045429	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	biological process	IDA[8383325]
GO:0045840	positive regulation of mitosis	biological process	IMP[2989698]
GO:0005149	interleukin-1 receptor binding	molecular function	NAS[1919436]
GO:0071407	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	biological process	IDA
GO:0030141	secretory granule	cellular component	IEA
GO:0050995	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	biological process	IDA[19032770]
GO:0019904	protein domain specific binding	molecular function	IPI[16575408]
GO:0032725	positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production	biological process	IDA
GO:0007165	signal transduction	biological process	TAS[9218611]
GO:0031663	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	IDA
GO:0032611	interleukin-1 beta production	biological process	IEA
GO:0030593	neutrophil chemotaxis	biological process	IEA
GO:0019221	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	IDA[10748004]
GO:0046330	positive regulation of JNK cascade	biological process	IEA
GO:0035505	positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity	biological process	IDA[18390750]
GO:0051781	positive regulation of cell division	biological process	IEA
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	biological process	TAS[2989698]
GO:0045766	positive regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	ISS
GO:0005576	extracellular region	cellular component	IDA; NAS[1919436]; TAS
GO:0071639	positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	biological process	IDA[19524870]

IL1B related KEGG pathways (count: 12)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Literature-origin KEGG pathway
hsa04940	type i_diabetes_mellitus	Type I diabetes mellitus	Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from auto...... Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma). Type I diabetes is a polygenic disease. One of the principle determining genetic factors in diabetes incidence is the inheritance of mutant MHC-II alleles. Another plausible candidate gene is the insulin gene. More...
hsa05332	graft versus_host_disease	Graft-versus-host disease	Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathophysiology can be summ...... Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathophysiology can be summerized in a three-step process. During step 1, the conditioning regimen (irradiation and/or chemotherapy) leads to damage, activation of host tissues and induction of inflammatory cytokines secretion. Increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and adhesion molecules leads to enhancement of the recognition of host MHC and/or minor histocompatibility antigens by mature donor T cells. Donor T-cell activation in step II is characterized by the predominance of Th1 cells and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. These cytokines induce further T-cell expansion, induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells responses and prime additional mononuclear phagocytes to produce TNF-alpha and IL-1. Also, nitric oxide (NO) is produced by activated macrophages, and it may contribute to the tissue damage seen during step 3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which leaks through the intestinal mucosa that was damaged during step 1, together with IFN-gamma, from step 2, further stimulate macrophages to secrete cytokines and NO. During step 3, the effector phase, activated CTL and NK cells mediate cytotoxicity against target host cells through Fas-Fas ligand interactions and perforin-granzyme B. More...

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa04060	cytokine cytokine_receptor_interaction	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	Cytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoprotein...... Cytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell growth, differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, and development and repair processes aimed at the restoration of homeostasis. Cytokines are released by various cells in the body, usually in response to an activating stimulus, and they induce responses through binding to specific receptors on the cell surface of target cells. Cytokines can be grouped by structure into different families and their receptors can likewise be grouped. More...
hsa05010	alzheimers disease	Alzheimer's disease	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly d...... Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. The extracellular Abeta oligomers may activate caspases through activation of cell surface death receptors. Alternatively, intracellular Abeta may contribute to pathology by facilitating tau hyper-phosphorylation, disrupting mitochondria function, and triggering calcium dysfunction. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specifically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress. More...
hsa05020	prion diseases	Prion diseases	Prion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encepha...... Prion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of these diseases is thought to be associated with the conversion of a normal protein, PrPC, into an infectious, pathogenic form, PrPSc. The conversion is induced by prion infections (for example, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), iatrogenic CJD, Kuru), mutations (familial CJD, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia (FFI)) or unknown factors (sporadic CJD (sCJD)), and is thought to occur after PrPC has reached the plasma membrane or is re-internalized for degradation. The PrPSc form shows greater protease resistance than PrPC and accumulates in affected individuals, often in the form of extracellular plaques. Pathways that may lead to neuronal death comprise oxidative stress, regulated activation of complement, ubiquitin-proteasome and endosomal-lysosomal systems, synaptic alterations and dendritic atrophy, corticosteroid response, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the conformational transition could lead to the lost of a beneficial activity of the natively folded protein, PrPC. More...
hsa04620	toll like_receptor_signaling_pathway	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are respo...... Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK. More...
hsa04621	nod like_receptor_signaling_pathway	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway	Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are respo...... Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains more than 20 members in mammals and plays a pivotal role in the recognition of intracellular ligands. NOD1 and NOD2, two prototypic NLRs, sense the cytosolic presence of the bacterial peptidoglycan fragments that escaped from endosomal compartments, driving the activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, cytokine production and apoptosis. On the other hand, a different set of NLRs induces caspase-1 activation through the assembly of multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. These NLRs include NALP1, NALP3 and Ipaf. The inflammasomes are critical for generating mature proinflammatory cytokines in concert with Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. More...
hsa04623	cytosolic dna_sensing_pathway	Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway	Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are respo...... Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified sensor of cytosolic DNA which activates the IRF and NF-{kappa}B transcription factors, leading to production of type I interferon and other cytokines. The second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. These pathways provide various means to alert the cell. More...
hsa04210	apoptosis	Apoptosis	Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell dea...... Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily members and ligands) and the intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) pathways, both of which are found in the cytoplasm. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by death receptor engagement, which initiates a signaling cascade mediated by caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 both feeds directly into caspase-3 activation and stimulates the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. Caspase-3 activation leads to the degradation of cellular proteins necessary to maintain cell survival and integrity. The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation). Cytochrome c interacts with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to promote the activation of caspase-3. Recent studies point to the ER as a third subcellular compartment implicated in apoptotic execution. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER cause ER stress. Prolonged ER stress can result in the activation of BAD and/or caspase-12, and execute apoptosis. More...
hsa04640	hematopoietic cell_lineage	Hematopoietic cell lineage	Blood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem ...... Blood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) or a common myeloid progenitor (CMP). A CLP gives rise to the lymphoid lineage of white blood cells or leukocytes-the natural killer (NK) cells and the T and B lymphocytes. A CMP gives rise to the myeloid lineage, which comprises the rest of the leukocytes, the erythrocytes (red blood cells), and the megakaryocytes that produce platelets important in blood clotting. Cells undergoing these differentiation process express a stage- and lineage-specific set of surface markers. Therefore cellular stages are identified by the specific expression patterns of these genes. More...
hsa05140	leishmania infection	Leishmania infection	Leishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macroph...... Leishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and proliferate intracellularly by deactivating the macrophage. Successful infection of Leishmania is achieved by alteration of signaling events in the host cell, leading to enhanced production of the autoinhibitory molecules like TGF-beta and decreased induction of cytokines such as IL12 for protective immunity. Nitric oxide production is also inhibited. In addition, defective expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes silences subsequent T cell activation mediated by macrophages, resulting in abnormal immune responses. More...
hsa04010	mapk signaling_pathway	MAPK signaling pathway	The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a hig...... The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. More...

IL1B related BioCarta pathways (count: 3)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Literature-origin BioCarta pathway
NTHI_PATHWAY	nthi pathway	NFkB activation by Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae	The role of Hemophilus influenzae in ear infections and chro...... The role of Hemophilus influenzae in ear infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes the induction of an inflammatory response through activation of the transcription factor NF-kB. In addition to activation of inflammatory cytokine genes like IL-1 and TNF, H. influenzae activates TLR2 expression and genes involved in mucus production. Hemophilus influenzae activates NF-kB by multiple mechanisms, starting with activation of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) by the p16 protein in the H. influenzae outer membrane. TLR2 plays a key role in innate immune responses and is expressed in high levels in lymphoid cells as well as low levels in epithelial cells. The role of TLR2 was supported by blocking NF-kB activation with a dominant negative TLR2 and increasing it with transfection of a normal TLR2 gene. TLR2 in turn activates TAK1, which activates two divergent signaling pathways. One of these pathways leads to IkB kinase activation, IkB phosphorylation and degradation, releasing the NF-kB heterodimer to translocate into the nucleus and activate transcription of target genes. In the alternate pathway, TAK1 also activates NF-kB through a Map kinase pathway, activating p38 and NF-kB in a nuclear translocation independent manner. Investigation of the mechanisms of H. influenzae signaling involved in NF-kB activation may provide the information needed to develop better treatments for inflammatory conditions caused by this pathogen. Other pathways modulate the role of NF-kB in H. influenzae pathogenesis. Glucocorticoids widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs increase TLR2 activation by H. influenzae through the NIK/I-kB kinase pathway, while they repress the p38 dependent activation of NF-kB. The repression of the p38 pathway by glucocorticoids occurs through activation of the MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) which dephosphorylates and deactivates p38. Another aspect of the inflammatory response to H. influenzae infection is the production of excessive mucus, contributing to the overall symptoms of infection. NF-kB activation of the Muc2 gene contributes to mucus overproduction, in addition to H. influenzae activation of the TGF-beta receptor, activating SMAD transcription factors SMAD3 and SMAD4. Understanding mechanisms that modify H. influenzae signaling will contribute to further understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of ear infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. More...

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped BioCarta pathways
IL1R_PATHWAY	il1r pathway	Signal transduction through IL1R	Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that sig...... Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that signals primarily through the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). The activities of IL-1 include induction of fever, expression of vascular adhesion molecules, and roles in arthritis and septic shock. The inflammatory activities of IL-1 are partially derived by transcriptionally inducing expression of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and interferons, as well as inducing the expression of other inflammation-related genes. There are two forms of IL-1 encoded by distinct genes, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta is produced as a 269 amino acid precursor that is cleaved by IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) to the active IL-1 beta form that is secreted. IL-1 signaling is opposed by the naturally occurring peptide IL-1 receptor antagonist which is a therapeutic agent for the treatment of arthritis. The type 1 IL-1 receptor protein binds IL-1 beta but requires the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) to transduce a signal. IL-1 binding causes activation of two kinases, IRAK-1 and IRAK-2, associated with the IL-1 receptor complex. IRAK-1 (IL-1 Receptor Associated Kinase) activates and recruits TRAF6 to the IL-1 receptor complex. TRAF6 activates two pathways, one leading to NF-kB activation and another leading to c-jun activation. The TRAF associated protein ECSIT leads to c-Jun activation through the Map kinase/JNK signaling system. TRAF6 also signals through the TAB1/TAK1 kinases to trigger the degradation of I-kB, and activation of NF-kB. The IL-1 signaling cascade represents a highly conserved response to pathogens through evolution, with homologs in insects and even in plants. The signal transduction cascade utilized by IL-1 receptor is similar to that of TNF, resulting in NF-kB activation, and is most similar to that of the Toll-like receptors that also participate in inflammatory signaling responses to pathogen components like endotoxin. More...
IL5_PATHWAY	il5 pathway	IL 5 Signaling Pathway	IL-5 is an inflammatory signaling molecule that primarily st...... IL-5 is an inflammatory signaling molecule that primarily stimulates eosinophil proliferation, maturation and activation. Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in inflammatory responses that defend against parasites and cause some aspects of asthma, allergic reactions, and perhaps autoimmune disorders. The action of IL-5 begins with an immune response in tissues, such as activation of macrophages and T cells that secrete IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6. The immune response can lead to IL-5 secretion by T cells, eosinophils and mast cells. Secreted IL-5 stimulates production and maturation of eosinophils in bone marrow that migrate to tissues in response to eotaxin and release factors that damage tissues, causing some of the undesirable consequences of inflammation. The receptor for IL-5 is a heterodimer of an alpha subunit that is required for IL-5 selective binding and a beta subunit that is also part of the IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors. Binding of IL-5 to the IL-5 receptor at the cell surface activates JAK/STAT signaling pathways that regulate transcription, proliferation, and differentiation. More...

IL1B related Reactome pathways (count: 0)

IL1B related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 10)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
IL1B	IL1B	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	2946959
IL1B	IL1R1	No	in vitro	9062193
IL1B	IL1R2	No	in vitro	7878046
IL1B	IL1RAP	No	in vitro	9820540
IL1B	CASP4	No	in vitro	1919001 , 7797510
IL1B	PRTN3	No	in vivo	10339575
IL1B	A2M	No	in vitro;in vivo	9714181 , 2466831
IL1B	ADRB2	Yes	in vitro	11238007
IL1B	MMP2	No	in vitro	8663297
IL1B	CASP1	No	in vitro;in vivo	7797510 , 1919001

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Literature-origin KEGG pathway

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Literature-origin BioCarta pathway

Gene mapped BioCarta pathways