KEGG Pathway Report

Basic Information

ID	hsa04210
Name	apoptosis
Brief Description	Apoptosis
Full Description	Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily members and ligands) and the intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) pathways, both of which are found in the cytoplasm. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by death receptor engagement, which initiates a signaling cascade mediated by caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 both feeds directly into caspase-3 activation and stimulates the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. Caspase-3 activation leads to the degradation of cellular proteins necessary to maintain cell survival and integrity. The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation). Cytochrome c interacts with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to promote the activation of caspase-3. Recent studies point to the ER as a third subcellular compartment implicated in apoptotic execution. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER cause ER stress. Prolonged ER stress can result in the activation of BAD and/or caspase-12, and execute apoptosis.

hsa04210 related genes in MK4MDD (count: 18)

Approved Symbol	Approved Name	Type	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
CSF2RB	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
PRKAR1A	protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha	Literature-origin; Protein mapped	1(1/0)
BAX	BCL2-associated X protein	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
BCL2L1	BCL2-like 1	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
CYCS	cytochrome c, somatic	Protein mapped	0(0/0)
IL1A	interleukin 1, alpha	Literature-origin	2(2/0)
IL1B	interleukin 1, beta	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped	3(2/1)
DFFA	DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
ATM	ataxia telangiectasia mutated	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
PRKAR2A	protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
TNF	tumor necrosis factor	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped	5(5/0)
TNFRSF1A	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A	Literature-origin; Protein mapped	1(1/0)
PIK3R1	phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha)	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
PRKACB	protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta	Protein mapped	0(0/0)
NFKB1	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1	Protein mapped	0(0/0)
PRKACA	protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha	Protein mapped	0(0/0)
IL3	interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple)	Literature-origin	1(1/0)
PRKAR2B	protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta	Literature-origin	1(1/0)