MK4MDD

KEGG Pathway Report

Basic Information
ID hsa04210
Name apoptosis
Brief Description Apoptosis
Full Description Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily members and ligands) and the intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) pathways, both of which are found in the cytoplasm. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by death receptor engagement, which initiates a signaling cascade mediated by caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 both feeds directly into caspase-3 activation and stimulates the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. Caspase-3 activation leads to the degradation of cellular proteins necessary to maintain cell survival and integrity. The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation). Cytochrome c interacts with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to promote the activation of caspase-3. Recent studies point to the ER as a third subcellular compartment implicated in apoptotic execution. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER cause ER stress. Prolonged ER stress can result in the activation of BAD and/or caspase-12, and execute apoptosis.

hsa04210 related genes in MK4MDD (count: 18)
Approved Symbol Approved Name Type No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
CSF2RB colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage) Literature-origin 1(1/0)
PRKAR1A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha Literature-origin; Protein mapped 1(1/0)
BAX BCL2-associated X protein Literature-origin 1(1/0)
BCL2L1 BCL2-like 1 Literature-origin 1(1/0)
CYCS cytochrome c, somatic Protein mapped 0(0/0)
IL1A interleukin 1, alpha Literature-origin 2(2/0)
IL1B interleukin 1, beta Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped 3(2/1)
DFFA DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide Literature-origin 1(1/0)
ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Literature-origin 1(1/0)
PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha Literature-origin 1(1/0)
TNF tumor necrosis factor Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped 5(5/0)
TNFRSF1A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A Literature-origin; Protein mapped 1(1/0)
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) Literature-origin 1(1/0)
PRKACB protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta Protein mapped 0(0/0)
NFKB1 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 Protein mapped 0(0/0)
PRKACA protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha Protein mapped 0(0/0)
IL3 interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple) Literature-origin 1(1/0)
PRKAR2B protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta Literature-origin 1(1/0)