Neurobiological Component Report

Basic Information

Name	Alpha wave
Description	Alpha waves are electromagnetic oscillations in the frequency range of 8-12 Hz arising from synchronous and coherent (in phase / constructive) electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in humans. Alpha waves are one type of brain waves detected either by electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) and predominantly originate from the occipital lobe during wakeful relaxation with closed eyes. Alpha waves are reduced with open eyes, drowsiness and sleep. The third occurrence of alpha wave activity is the alpha-delta or slow-wave (SWS) state. This activity spreads across the brain in an anterior-posterior gradient.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	15 (15/0)

Positive relationship between Alpha wave and MDD (count: 11)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
Alpha2 (10-12 Hz) current density	Lubar, 2003	patients and normal controls		In the interhemispheric asymmetry analysis, compared with th...... In the interhemispheric asymmetry analysis, compared with the control group, the depression group exhibited a left-to-right Alpha2 (10-12 Hz) current density dominance in the left postcentral gyrus. More...
alpha (8-13 Hz)	Allen, 2004	patients and normal controls		Asymmetry (EEG alpha asymmetry) scores generally displayed g...... Asymmetry (EEG alpha asymmetry) scores generally displayed good internal consistency and exhibited modest stability over the 8- and 16-week assessment intervals. These findings suggest that resting EEG alpha asymmetry can be reliably assessed in clinically depressed populations. More...
high frequency power (>20Hz)	Tekell, 2005	patients and normal controls	P-value <0.0001	Schizophrenic (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) patie...... Schizophrenic (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients showed significantly greater high frequency (HF) power than healthy controls (HC) in all sleep stages (p<0.0001). More...
alpha	Bruder, 2005	high-risk people and normal controls		Offspring with both parents having MDD showed greater alpha ...... Offspring with both parents having MDD showed greater alpha asymmetry at medial sites, with relatively less activity (more alpha) over right central and parietal regions, compared with offspring having one or no parent with MDD. Offspring with both parents having a MDD also showed markedly greater anterior-to- posterior increase in alpha with eyes closed compared with those with one or no parent with a MDD. More...
alpha	Fingelkurts, 2007	patients and normal controls		Some of the functional connections were positively correlate...... Some of the functional connections were positively correlated with the severity of depression, thus being predictive. These were short-range anterior, posterior, and left hemisphere functional connections for the alpha frequency band More...
alpha	Bruder, 2007	high-risk people and normal controls		Grandchildren with both depressed parent and grandparent sho...... Grandchildren with both depressed parent and grandparent showed greater alpha asymmetry, with relatively less right than left hemisphere activity, when compared with those with neither depressed parent nor grandparent. Its presence in high-risk offspring and grandchildren without a lifetime history of MDD supports the hypothesis that an alpha asymmetry indicative of relatively less right than left parietal activity is an endophenotypic marker of vulnerability to a familial form of major depression. More...
alpha frequency band	Korb, 2008	patients and normal controls		MDD subjects showed significantly elevated current density i...... MDD subjects showed significantly elevated current density in delta, theta, alpha, beta1, and beta2 frequency bands relative to controls in anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices. More...
alpha	Kohler, 2011	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.005	Compared with healthy controls, patients had more alpha acti...... Compared with healthy controls, patients had more alpha activity (p = 0.005) More...
alpha	Segrave, 2010	patients and normal controls		MDD participants displayed greater upper alpha ERS than cont...... MDD participants displayed greater upper alpha ERS than controls during the online information maintenance component of WM processing. This was evident over left, but not right, parieto-occipital cortex. More...
alpha	Kemp, 2010	patients and normal controls		globally increased alpha power in MDD globally increased alpha power in MDD
alpha	Segrave, 2011	patients and normal controls		Within the MDD group, antidepressant use was associated with...... Within the MDD group, antidepressant use was associated with significantly greater right than left hemispheric power in the lower alpha 1 band. More...

Positive relationships between Alpha wave and other components at different levels (count: 9)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Related Components
Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
alpha		Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep(rapid eye movement (REM) sleep)	neurobiological system	Liscombe, 2002	patients and normal controls		In general, slower frequencies declined across REM periods, ...... In general, slower frequencies declined across REM periods, with a significant REM period effect for delta, theta and alpha amplitude. More...
alpha		Functional connectivity(short-range left hemisphere functional connections)	brain morphology and function	Fingelkurts, 2007	patients and normal controls		Some of the functional connections were positively correlate...... Some of the functional connections were positively correlated with the severity of depression, thus being predictive. These were short-range left hemisphere functional connections for the alpha frequency band More...
alpha frequency band		Functional connectivity(short-range anterior functional connections)	brain morphology and function	Fingelkurts, 2007	patients and normal controls		Some of the functional connections were positively correlate...... Some of the functional connections were positively correlated with the severity of depression, thus being predictive. These were short-range anterior functional connections for the alpha frequency band More...
alpha frequency band		Functional connectivity(short-range posterior functional connections)	brain morphology and function	Fingelkurts, 2007	patients and normal controls		These were short-range posterior functional connections for ...... These were short-range posterior functional connections for the alpha frequency band More...
slow-wave		Memory(memory)	cognition and behavior	Azuma, 2007	patients only		Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated pos...... Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated positively with delayed memory and visual/verbal discrepancy score. More...
slow-wave		Language(verbal discrepancy)	cognition and behavior	Azuma, 2007	patients only		Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated pos...... Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated positively with delayed memory and visual/verbal discrepancy score. More...
slow-wave		Sensation(visual discrepancy)	cognition and behavior	Azuma, 2007	patients only		Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated pos...... Postictal suppression and slow-wave amplitude correlated positively with delayed memory and visual/verbal discrepancy score. More...
alpha		Suicide(suicidal ideation (SI))	symptoms	Iosifescu, 2008	patients only		Left-right asymmetry of combined theta + alpha power correla...... Left-right asymmetry of combined theta + alpha power correlated significantly with change in SI from baseline, even when adjusting for changes in depression severity (HAM-D-17) and for the SSRI utilized. Frontal QEEG parameters before treatment may predict worsening SI during SSRI treatment in MDD. More...
alpha		Physical exercise(physical exercise)	environment	Deslandes, 2010	patients only		After 1 year, the control group showed a decrease in cortica...... After 1 year, the control group showed a decrease in cortical activity on the right hemisphere (increase of alpha power), which was not observed in the exercise group. More...

Positive relationship network of Alpha wave in MK4MDD

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between Alpha wave and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between Alpha wave and other components at different levels (count: 0)