Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Brain Morphology	Please reference to the description for Prefrontal cortex
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	12(12/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)	Keedwell, 2005	patients and normal controls		Increased and decreased responses in ventromedial prefronta...... Increased and decreased responses in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) were observed in MDD and healthy individuals, respectively, to happy stimuli, whereas the pattern was reversed for MDD and healthy individual responses to sad stimuli. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortical	Kegeles, 2003	patients and normal controls		Within Brodmann's area 32, a glucose metabolism deficit in t...... Within Brodmann's area 32, a glucose metabolism deficit in the depressed subjects on placebo day was observed by voxel-level analysis. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex	Hasler, 2005	patients and normal controls		Secondary analyses provided preliminary evidence for a negat...... Secondary analyses provided preliminary evidence for a negative relationship between the glutamate/glutamine (Glx)/GABA ratio and age of onset of major depression in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex	Walter, 2007	patients and normal controls		Patients showed higher activation in ventromedial prefrontal...... Patients showed higher activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during the control condition. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex	Grimm, 2009	patients and normal controls		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blo...... MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC)	Ritchey, 2011	patients and normal controls		Prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibi...... Prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibited overall reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-related symptom improvement in MDD patients was predicted by increased activity at baseline in ventromedial PFC as well as the valence effects in the ATL and dorsolateral PFC. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
ventromedial PFC (vmPFC)		COMT(catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT))	gene	Lelli-Chiesa, 2011	patients and normal controls		the Met158 allele with greater signal change in the vmPFC the Met158 allele with greater signal change in the vmPFC
ventromedial prefrontal cortex		Erythropoietin(erythropoietin (Epo))	protein	Miskowiak, 2009	patients only		Erythropoietin (Epo) reduced neural response to negative vs....... Erythropoietin (Epo) reduced neural response to negative vs. positive pictures 3 days post-administration in a network of areas including the hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal and parietal cortex. More...
ventromedial PFC (VMPFC)		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Johnstone, 2007	patients and normal controls		During an effortful affective reappraisal task, depressed in...... During an effortful affective reappraisal task, depressed individuals show a positive association between VMPFC and amygdala. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Harvey, 2007	normal people		Trait anhedonia was positively related to ventromedial prefr...... Trait anhedonia was positively related to ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during the processing of positive information. More...
ventromedial PFC		Irritability(impulsivity)	symptoms	Oquendo, 2003	patients only		Lower ventromedial PFC activity was associated with lower li...... Lower ventromedial PFC activity was associated with lower lifetime impulsivity More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Keedwell, 2005	patients only		In response to happy stimuli, anhedonia, but not depression ...... In response to happy stimuli, anhedonia, but not depression severity per se, was positively and negatively correlated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and amygdala/ventral striatal activity More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Grimm, 2009	patients and normal controls		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blo...... MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness. More...
ventromedial prefrontal cortex		Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt(hopelessness)	symptoms	Grimm, 2009	patients and normal controls		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blo...... MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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