MK4MDD

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus Search Cross Data Search

Study Report

Reference

Citation	Grimm, 2009 PubMed
Full Info	Grimm, S., Boesiger, P., Beck, J., Schuepbach, D., Bermpohl, F., Walter, M., Ernst, J., Hell, D., Boeker, H. and Northoff, G. (2009) Altered negative BOLD responses in the default-mode network during emotion processing in depressed subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34, 932-843.

Study

Hypothesis or Background	Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) show predominant negative blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses (NBRs) in regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show emotional-cognitive disturbances, which have been associated with alterations within the default-mode network. However, it remains unclear whether these default-mode network alterations are related to abnormalities in NBRs.
Sample Information	20 depressed subjects and 30 control subjects
Method Detail	We therefore investigated neural activity in the default-mode network during different emotional tasks in patients with MDD in an event-related fMRI design.
Method Keywords	functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Result	MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs in several regions of the default-mode network. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.
Conclusions	In sum, our findings demonstrate that default-mode network NBRs are reduced in MDD and modulate these patients' abnormally negative emotions.

Relationships reported by Grimm, 2009

Component A Approved Name (Name in Paper)	Component A Type	Component B Approved Name (Name in Paper)	Component B Type	Statistical Result	Relationship Description	Result Category (Positive/Negative))
Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt (hopelessness)	symptoms	ventromedial prefrontal cortex (ventromedial prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	Posterior cingulate cortex (posterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pregenual anterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex.	Positive
MDD	syndrome	ventromedial prefrontal cortex (ventromedial prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex.	Positive
Depressed mood (depression)	symptoms	Posterior cingulate cortex (posterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive
Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt (hopelessness)	symptoms	Posterior cingulate cortex (posterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive
Depressed mood (depression)	symptoms	pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pregenual anterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive
Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and guilt (hopelessness)	symptoms	pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pregenual anterior cingulate cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive
Depressed mood (depression)	symptoms	ventromedial prefrontal cortex (ventromedial prefrontal cortex)	brain morphology and function		MDD patients showed significantly reduced NBRs (negative blood oxygenation level-dependent responses) in several regions of the default-mode network such as the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Decreased NBRs in MDD patients correlated with depression severity and feelings of hopelessness.	Positive