Symptoms Report

Name	Low energy
Description	Psychomotor retardation or psychomotor impairment comprises a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. Psychomotor Retardation can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions including speech and affect. This is most commonly seen in people with major depression, as well as in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	26 (26/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
psychomotor retardation	Rogers, 2002	patients and normal controls		Both melancholic and non-melancholic patients showed a gener...... Both melancholic and non-melancholic patients showed a generalised slowing relative to controls, perhaps reflecting bradykinesia and akinesia. More...
psychomotor retardation	Volkers, 2003	patients and normal controls		The patients showed a lower motor activity level and a reduc...... The patients showed a lower motor activity level and a reduced fragmentation of motor activity during wake, and a higher motor activity level and a decreased immobility during sleep. More...
psychomotor retardation	Lampe, 2004	patients and normal controls		Significantly higher levels of apathy, anhedonia and psychom...... Significantly higher levels of apathy, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, and worse performance on tests of executive function were found in the patient group compared with the healthy controls. More...
psychomotor retardation	Benazzi, 2004	patients only		Psychomotor retardation was more common in MDD melancholic M...... Psychomotor retardation was more common in MDD melancholic MDE (major depressive episode) at a trend level, but was present only in 20.5%. More...
psychomotor retardation	Pier, 2004	patients and normal controls		It can be concluded that there was clear cognitive and motor...... It can be concluded that there was clear cognitive and motor slowing in this group of unmedicated inpatients with MDD. More...
loss of energy	Serretti, 2004	patients only		The most frequently represented depressive symptoms in MDD w...... The most frequently represented depressive symptoms in MDD were Loss of energy/tiredness, Loss of pleasure, Poor concentration, and Sleep disorders. More...
psychomotor retardation	Pier, 2006	patients only		Patients with major depressive disorder showed pronounced ps...... Patients with major depressive disorder showed pronounced psychomotor retardation in the visuomotor tasks. The research that compared the psychomotor retardation in various subtypes of depression revealed that patients with major depressive disorder showed pronounced retardation but dysthymic patients did not show any retardation. Psychomotor retardation was more severe in patients with major depressive disorder with melancholic features. More...
psychomotor retardation	Leventhal, 2008	patients only		Although retarded depression was associated with some specif...... Although retarded depression was associated with some specific distinguishing characteristics, most associations were explained by the increased severity of this phenotype. Retarded depression evidenced little stability or heritability. More...
psychomotor retardation	Mitchell, 2009	patients only		The prevalence of depression in our sample was 54.4%. In thi...... The prevalence of depression in our sample was 54.4%. In this high prevalence setting the optimum specific symptoms for ruling in MDD were psychomotor retardation, diminished interest/pleasure and indecisiveness. The optimum specific symptoms for ruling out MDD were the absence of depressed mood, the absence of diminished drive and the absence of loss of energy. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
psychomotor retardation		D(2) dopamine receptor(dopamine D2 receptor)	protein	Ebert, 1996	patients and normal controls		123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding was increased in de...... 123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding was increased in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation. More...
psychomotor retardation		D(3) dopamine receptor(dopamine D3 receptor)	protein	Ebert, 1996	patients and normal controls		123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding was increased in de...... 123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding was increased in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation. More...
motor retardation		D(2) dopamine receptor(putamen D(2) receptor)	protein	Meyer, 2006	patients only		The depressed subjects exhibiting motor retardation had sign...... The depressed subjects exhibiting motor retardation had significantly higher D(2) binding potential in both the left and right putamen than did healthy subjects, and putamen D(2) binding potential correlated significantly with motor speed in the depressed subjects. More...
decreased activity		Tumor necrosis factor(tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha))	protein	Eller, 2009	patients and normal controls		TNFalpha was associated with decreased activity and suicidal...... TNFalpha was associated with decreased activity and suicidality. More...
psychomotor retardation		Norepinephrine(norepinephrine)	molecule	Ferguson, 2002	patients only		Reboxetine, a selective NRI(norepinephrine reuptake inhibito...... Reboxetine, a selective NRI(norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), improves symptoms of psychomotor retardation, anxiety and cognitive disturbance during treatment of MDD. Compared to placebo, reboxetine significantly improved psychomotor retardation in all four trials. More...
psychomotor retardation		Killer Cells, Natural(NK(natural killer) cell)	cell	Frank, 2002	patients only		Consistent with previous studies, sleep disturbance and psyc...... Consistent with previous studies, sleep disturbance and psychomotor retardation possessed significant explanatory power for variance in NK cell number and NKCA(natural killer cell activity), respectively. More...
psychomotor retardation		Dopaminergic system(dopaminergic system)	neurobiological system	Martinot, 2001	patients only		[(18)F]DOPA uptake K(i) values in the left caudate were sign...... [(18)F]DOPA uptake K(i) values in the left caudate were significantly lower in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation than in patients with high impulsivity and in comparison subjects. More...
psychomotor retardation		Error-related negativity (ERN)(error-related negativity (ERN))	neurobiological system	Schrijvers, 2008	patients and normal controls		Correlations of the error negativity (Ne)/error-related nega...... Correlations of the error negativity (Ne)/error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude with several psychomotor variables were strong. More...
psychomotor retardation		Cingulate gyrus(cingulate)	brain morphology and function	Dunn, 2002	patients only		In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated wit...... In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated with lower absolute metabolism bilaterally in supracallosal cingulate. More...
psychomotor retardation		Fronto-parietal connection(frontal cortex)	brain morphology and function	Dunn, 2002	patients only		In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated wit...... In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated with lower absolute metabolism bilaterally in right dorsolateral frontal cortex. More...
psychomotor retardation		frontal pole(frontal pole)	brain morphology and function	Dunn, 2002	patients only		In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated wit...... In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated with lower absolute metabolism bilaterally in frontal poles. More...
psychomotor retardation		left caudate(left caudate)	brain morphology and function	Martinot, 2001	patients only		[(18)F]DOPA uptake K(i) values in the left caudate were sign...... [(18)F]DOPA uptake K(i) values in the left caudate were significantly lower in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation than in patients with high impulsivity and in comparison subjects. More...
psychomotor retardation		Anterior cingulate cortex(anterior cingulate gyrus)	brain morphology and function	Brody, 2001	patients only		Improvement in psychomotor retardation [PR] was associated w...... Improvement in psychomotor retardation [PR] was associated with increasing dorsal AC(anterior cingulate gyrus) activity. More...
psychomotor retardation		ventral frontal lobe(ventral frontal lobe)	brain morphology and function	Brody, 2001	patients only		Improvement in anxiety/somatization [ANX], psychomotor retar...... Improvement in anxiety/somatization [ANX], psychomotor retardation [PR], tension [TENS] and fatigue [FATIG] factors was associated with decreasing ventral frontal lobe metabolism. More...
psychomotor retardation		Prefrontal cortex(prefrontal cortices)	brain morphology and function	Videbech, 2002	patients and normal controls		A strong negative correlation was found between the degree o...... A strong negative correlation was found between the degree of psychomotor retardation of the patients and the blood flow to the dorsolateral and supraorbital prefrontal cortices. More...
psychomotor retardation		Frontal Lobe(frontal dysfunction)	brain morphology and function	Narita, 2004	patients only		Significant correlations were found between frontal perfusio...... Significant correlations were found between frontal perfusion, interference measure on Modified Stroop Test, and psychomotor retardation in all patients.The present findings suggest that frontal hypoperfusion, frontal dysfunction, and psychomotor retardation were associated with one another in patients with depression. More...
loss of motivated behavior		Parietal Lobe(parietal cortical areas)	brain morphology and function	Milak, 2005	patients only		Loss of motivated behavior was negatively associated with pa...... Loss of motivated behavior was negatively associated with parietal and superior frontal cortical areas. More...
loss of motivated behavior		Superior frontal gyrus(superior frontal cortical areas)	brain morphology and function	Milak, 2005	patients only		Loss of motivated behavior was negatively associated with pa...... Loss of motivated behavior was negatively associated with parietal and superior frontal cortical areas. More...
retardation		right insula(right insula)	brain morphology and function	Yao, 2009	patients and normal controls		Retardation severity was positively correlated with the ReHo...... Retardation severity was positively correlated with the ReHo (regional homogeneity) in the right posterior cingulate gyrus and the right insula. More...
retardation		right posterior cingulate gyrus(right posterior cingulate gyrus)	brain morphology and function	Yao, 2009	patients and normal controls		Retardation severity was positively correlated with the ReHo...... Retardation severity was positively correlated with the ReHo (regional homogeneity) in the right posterior cingulate gyrus and the right insula. More...
psychomotor retardation		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Lemke, 1999	patients only		There was a significant correlation between anhedonia and ps...... There was a significant correlation between anhedonia and psychomotor retardation assessed depressed patients with the Widocher Retardation Scale. More...
psychomotor retardation		Somatic symptoms(chronic painful physical condition)	symptoms	Ohayon, 2004	patients only		Compared with MDD subjects without chronic pain, MDD subject...... Compared with MDD subjects without chronic pain, MDD subjects with a CPPC(chronic painful physical condition) had a longer duration of depressive symptoms (7 months longer) and were more likely to report severe psychomotor retardation (OR = 3.3), More...
psychomotor retardation		Sleep disturbances(sleep disturbance)	symptoms	Liu, 2007	patients only		Across sleep-disturbed children, those with both insomnia an...... Across sleep-disturbed children, those with both insomnia and hypersomnia had a longer history of illness, were more severely depressed, and were more likely to have anhedonia, weight loss, psychomotor retardation, and fatigue than were those with either insomnia or hypersomnia. More...
psychomotor retardation		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Calugi, 2011	patients only		Compared to low scorers, participants with high scores on th...... Compared to low scorers, participants with high scores on the LPR (psychomotor retardation) factor had greater severity of depression and more bipolarity indicators. More...
psychomotor retardation		Blood pressure (BP)(blood pressure (BP))	signs	Volkers, 2003	patients and normal controls		motor activity parameters and cardiovascular measures of the...... motor activity parameters and cardiovascular measures of the patients were related to agitation and retardation and overall, patients with lower motor activity levels demonstrated lower SBP levels. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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