Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	GLUL
Approved Name	glutamate-ammonia ligase
Previous Symbol	GLNS
Previous Name	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase)
Name Alias	glutamine synthetase
Location	1q31
Position	chr1:182350839-182361341 (-)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 2752 Ensembl: ENSG00000135821 UCSC: uc001gpa.2 HGNC ID: 4341
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	3(3/0)
Type	Literature-origin; Protein mapped

Positive relationships between GLUL and MDD (count: 3)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
GLUL	Bernard, 2010	patients and normal controls	The expression of this gene was altered in the locus coerule...... The expression of this gene was altered in the locus coeruleus of MDD More...
L-glutamate-ammonia ligase	Choudary, 2005	patients and normal controls	Microarray analysis of specific areas of cerebral cortex fro...... Microarray analysis of specific areas of cerebral cortex from individuals who had suffered from major depressive disorder demonstrated significant down-regulation of SLC1A2 and SLC1A3, two key members of the glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter protein family, SLC1. Similarly, expression of L-glutamate-ammonia ligase, the enzyme that converts glutamate to nontoxic glutamine was significantly decreased. More...
GLUL	Klempan, 2009	patients and normal controls	Selected differentially expressed genes in BA44 to BA47 (ANO...... Selected differentially expressed genes in BA44 to BA47 (ANOVA and t-test P < 0.01, fold change 1.3t) More...

Positive relationships between GLUL and other components at different levels (count: 0)

Positive relationship network of GLUL in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between GLUL and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between GLUL and other components at different levels (count: 0)

GLUL related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 0)

GLUL related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 1)

Approved Name	UniportKB	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	Source
Glutamine synthetase	P15104	2(2/0)	Literature-origin

GLUL related GO terms (count: 28)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	biological process	TAS
GO:0032553	ribonucleotide binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0004351	glutamate decarboxylase activity	molecular function	IEA

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0051260	protein homooligomerization	biological process	IEA
GO:0016595	glutamate binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0004356	glutamate-ammonia ligase activity	molecular function	EXP
GO:0001504	neurotransmitter uptake	biological process	TAS
GO:0043204	perikaryon	cellular component	IEA
GO:0005791	rough endoplasmic reticulum	cellular component	IEA
GO:0008652	cellular amino acid biosynthetic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0051968	positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	biological process	IEA
GO:0045503	dynein light chain binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0043679	axon terminus	cellular component	IEA
GO:0032024	positive regulation of insulin secretion	biological process	IEA
GO:0050679	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0005829	cytosol	cellular component	TAS
GO:0030145	manganese ion binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0043234	protein complex	cellular component	IEA
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	cellular component	IEA
GO:0005524	ATP binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	biological process	IDA[18662667]
GO:0034641	cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0006542	glutamine biosynthetic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0006538	glutamate catabolic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process	biological process	TAS
GO:0009749	response to glucose stimulus	biological process	IEA
GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0042802	identical protein binding	molecular function	IPI

GLUL related KEGG pathways (count: 3)

ID	Name	Brief Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa00910	nitrogen metabolism	Nitrogen metabolism
hsa00250	alanine aspartate_and_glutamate_metabolism	Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hsa00330	arginine and_proline_metabolism	Arginine and proline metabolism

GLUL related BioCarta pathways (count: 0)

GLUL related Reactome pathways (count: 3)

ID	Name	Description
Gene mapped Reactome pathways
REACT_238	amino acid_synthesis_and_interconversion	These reactions mediate the synthesis of aspartate, asparagi...... These reactions mediate the synthesis of aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, and glutamine from ammonia and intermediates of glycolysis, and allow the utilization of the carbon atoms from these four amino acids for glucose synthesis under fasting conditions. These reactions also provide a means to collect nitrogen, both as ammonia and as amino groups, and direct it towards urea synthesis. Transamination, the conversion of an amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid coupled to the conversion of a molecule of alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate, is the first step in the catabolism of most amino acids. Transamination reactions are freely reversible so they also provide a means to balance concentrations of various amino acids and alpha-keto (2-oxo) acids in the cytosol. More...
REACT_13	metabolism of_amino_acids	This group of reactions is responsible for: 1) the breakdown...... This group of reactions is responsible for: 1) the breakdown of amino acids; 2) the synthesis of urea from ammonia and amino groups generated by amino acid breakdown; 3) the synthesis of the ten amino acids that are not essential components of the human diet; and 4) the synthesis of related nitrogen-containing molecules including carnitine and creatine. More...
REACT_13477	transmission across_chemical_synapses	Chemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used fo...... Chemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron, muscle cell or glad cell. The pre and the post-synaptic cell are separated by a gap of 20nm called the synaptic cleft. The signals pass in a unidirection from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic. The pre-synaptic neuron communicates via the release of neurotransmitter which bind the receptors on the post-synaptic cell. More...

GLUL related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 6)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
GLUL	PLEKHF2	No	yeast 2-hybrid	16189514
GLUL	NUDT18	No	yeast 2-hybrid	16189514
GLUL	SKIL	No	yeast 2-hybrid	15231748
GLUL	DYNLL1	No	in vitro	14760703
GLUL	HTR2A	Yes	yeast 2-hybrid	16537434
GLUL	GLUL	Yes	yeast 2-hybrid	16189514

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Gene mapped Reactome pathways