KEGG Pathway Report
Basic Information
| ID |
hsa04930
|
| Name |
type ii_diabetes_mellitus
|
| Brief Description |
Type II diabetes mellitus
|
| Full Description |
Insulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. Diabetogenic factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Serine/threonine phosphorylation, interaction with SOCS, regulation of the expression, modification of the cellular localization, and degradation represent the molecular mechanisms stimulated by them. Various kinases (ERK, JNK, IKKbeta, PKCzeta, PKCtheta and mTOR) are involved in this process. The development of type II diabetes requires impaired beta-cell function. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to induce multiple defects in beta-cells. Hyperglycemia has been proposed to lead to large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in beta-cells, with subsequent damage to cellular components including PDX-1. Loss of PDX-1, a critical regulator of insulin promoter activity, has also been proposed as an important mechanism leading to beta-cell dysfunction. Although there is little doubt as to the importance of genetic factors in type II diabetes, genetic analysis is difficult due to complex interaction among multiple susceptibility genes and between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have therefore given very diverse results. Kir6.2 and IRS are two of the candidate genes. It is known that Kir6.2 and IRS play central roles in insulin secretion and insulin signal transmission, respectively. |
hsa04930 related genes in MK4MDD (count: 11)
| Approved Symbol |
Approved Name |
Type |
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative) |
| TNF |
tumor necrosis factor |
Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped
|
5(5/0) |
| MTOR |
mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| HK1 |
hexokinase 1 |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| PRKCE |
protein kinase C, epsilon |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| PIK3R1 |
phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) |
Literature-origin
|
1(1/0) |
| ADIPOQ |
adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| MAPK1 |
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 |
Literature-origin
|
2(2/0) |
| HK2 |
hexokinase 2 |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| MAPK8 |
mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 |
Literature-origin
|
1(1/0) |
| INS |
insulin |
Literature-origin; Protein mapped
|
1(1/0) |
| CACNA1C |
calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit |
Literature-origin; SNP mapped
|
1(1/0) |
