Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Striatum
Brain Morphology	The striatum is a subcortical part of the forebrain. It is the major input station of the basal ganglia system. The striatum, in turn, gets input from the cerebral cortex. In primates (including humans), the striatum is divided by a white matter tract called the internal capsule into two sectors called the caudate nucleus and putamen.
Brain Function	Metabotropic dopamine receptors are present both on spiny neurons and on cortical axon terminals. Second messenger cascades triggered by activation of these dopamine receptors can modulate pre- and postsynaptic function, both in the short term and in the long term. The striatum is best known for its role in the planning and modulation of movement pathways but is also involved in a variety of other cognitive processes involving executive function. In humans the striatum is activated by stimuli associated with reward, but also by aversive, novel, unexpected or intense stimuli, and cues associated with such events.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	11(11/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
striatal regions	Forbes, 2009	patients and normal controls		Adolescents with major depressive disorder exhibited less st...... Adolescents with major depressive disorder exhibited less striatal response than healthy comparison adolescents during reward anticipation and reward outcome. More...
striatal regions	Smoski, 2009	patients and normal controls		The MDD group was characterized by reduced activation of str...... The MDD group was characterized by reduced activation of striatal reward regions during reward selection, reward anticipation, and reward feedback. More...
striatal region	Dougherty, 2006	patients and normal controls		[(11)C]SCH 23,390 binding in bilateral striata was signific...... [(11)C]SCH 23,390 binding in bilateral striata was significantly lower in the MDD+A group when compared to healthy volunteers. These results implicate striatal D1 receptor dysfunction in MDD+A and further suggest an association between dopaminergic transmission and anger or aggression. More...
striatum	Cannon, 2007	patients and normal controls	increased 5-HTT BP in the striatum (12%)	Relative to the healthy group both MDD and BD groups showed ...... Relative to the healthy group both MDD and BD groups showed significantly increased 5-HTT BP in the striatum (12%). More...
striatum	Wu, 2011	patients and normal controls		The authors found the 99mTc-TRODAT-1 radio signal in the str...... The authors found the 99mTc-TRODAT-1 radio signal in the striatum was reduced in the majority of patients with major depressive disorder, More...
limbic-striatal regions	Jiao, 2011	patients and normal controls		Resting brain activity levels measured by ALFF was higher in...... Resting brain activity levels measured by ALFF was higher in the frontal cortex than that in the subcortical system involving mainly (para) limbic-striatal regions in both HC and MDD adolescents. More...
striatal region	Robinson, 2012	patients and normal controls		Impaired reward (but not punishment) reversal accuracy was f...... Impaired reward (but not punishment) reversal accuracy was found alongside attenuated anteroventral striatal response to unexpected reward in depression. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
striatum		D(2) dopamine receptor(D2 receptor)	protein	Montgomery, 2007	patients and normal controls		[(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum...... [(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum of people taking antidepressants suggesting that D(2/3) expression was reduced compared to untreated controls. More...
striatum		D(3) dopamine receptor(D3 receptor)	protein	Montgomery, 2007	patients and normal controls		[(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum...... [(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum of people taking antidepressants suggesting that D(2/3) expression was reduced compared to untreated controls. More...
striatum		Dopamine(dopamine)	molecule	Montgomery, 2007	patients and normal controls		[(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum...... [(11)C]raclopride binding was reduced in the dorsal striatum of people taking antidepressants suggesting that dopamine release was increased, compared to untreated controls. More...
striatum		Endotoxins(endotoxin)	molecule	Eisenberger NI, 2010	normal people		Endotoxin reduces ventral striatum responses to reward Endotoxin reduces ventral striatum responses to reward
striatum		Language(verbal fluency)	cognition and behavior	Shah, 1997	patients and normal controls		There were significant correlations between 123I-IBZM (dopam...... There were significant correlations between 123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding in left and right striatum and measures of verbal fluency. More...
striatum		Reaction time(reaction time)	cognition and behavior	Shah, 1997	patients and normal controls		There were significant correlations between 123I-IBZM (dopam...... There were significant correlations between 123I-IBZM (dopamine D2/3 ligand) binding in left and right striatum and measures of reaction time. More...
striatal region		Reward processing(reward processing)	cognition and behavior	Robinson, 2012	patients and normal controls		Impaired reward (but not punishment) reversal accuracy was f...... Impaired reward (but not punishment) reversal accuracy was found alongside attenuated anteroventral striatal response to unexpected reward in depression. More...
striatum		Depressed mood(depressive symptom)	symptoms	Marchand, 2012	patients only		A network involving the bilateral striatum and anterior CMS ...... A network involving the bilateral striatum and anterior CMS was found to be associated with depressive symptom severity. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web