Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Cingulate cortex
Brain Morphology	The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It includes the cortex of the cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the cingulate sulcus. The cingulate cortex is usually considered part of the limbic lobe, separate from the adjacent frontal and parietal lobes.
Brain Function	It is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, and is also important for executive function and respiratory control.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	10(10/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
cingulate cortex	Costafreda, 2009	patients and normal controls		Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission...... Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, clinical remission was predicted by greater grey matter density in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (BA32), left posterior cingulate cortex (BA 31). More...
cingulate cortex	Wu, 1992	patients and normal controls		Before sleep deprivation the depressed responders had a sign...... Before sleep deprivation the depressed responders had a significantly higher cingulate cortex metabolic rate than the depressed nonresponders, and this normalized after sleep deprivation. More...
cingulate cortices	Messa, 2003	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.003 ANOVA; P-value = 0.001 ANCOVA	A significant reduction in binding index (BI) of [(18)F]FESP...... A significant reduction in binding index (BI) of [(18)F]FESP ( P=0.003 ANOVA, P=0.001 ANCOVA) was found in DN(drug-naive) patients in the frontal, occipital, temporal and cingulate cortices More...
cingulate cortex	Weis, 2007	patients and normal controls		A significant decrease in ASCT-1 immunoreactivity in neurons...... A significant decrease in ASCT-1 immunoreactivity in neurons in the cingulate cortex as well as astrocytes of the white matter was seen in schizophrenia. In bipolar disorder and major depression, similar results were seen for neurons. More...
cingulate region	Fujimoto, 2008	patients only		The 3D-SSP score map showed decreased relative metabolism in...... The 3D-SSP score map showed decreased relative metabolism in the cingulate region in both hemispheres in patients compared with controls. More...
cingulate cortex	Schoning, 2009	patients and normal controls		Significant hyperactivation of the cingulate cortex was obse...... Significant hyperactivation of the cingulate cortex was observed in euthymic patients More...
cingulate cortex	Deschwanden, 2011	patients and normal controls		The PET study revealed lower levels of regional mGluR5 bindi...... The PET study revealed lower levels of regional mGluR5 binding in the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the insula, the thalamus, and the hippocampus in the depression group relative to the comparison group. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
cingulate cortex		DISC1(DISC1)	gene	Hashimoto, 2006	patients and normal controls; cell model		We found a reduction in gray matter volume in cingulate cort...... We found a reduction in gray matter volume in cingulate cortex and a decreased fractional anisotropy in prefrontal white matter of individuals carrying the Cys704 allele compared with Ser/Ser704 subjects. More...
cingulate cortex		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Gaiteri, 2010	patients and normal controls		We report robust gene transcript synchrony between the amygd...... We report robust gene transcript synchrony between the amygdala and cingulate cortex in the human postmortem brain of normal control subjects (n = 14; Control/Permutated data, p<0.000001). More...
cingulate cortex		Cognitive control(enhancing the cognitive interference)	cognition and behavior	Wagner, 2006	patients and normal controls		The greater prefrontal activation may reflect a cortical ine...... The greater prefrontal activation may reflect a cortical inefficiency due to hyperactivity in rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (rACG) enhancing the cognitive interferences from the emotional state. More...
cingulate cortex		Working memory(working-memory)	cognition and behavior	Schoning, 2009	patients and normal controls		Working-memory challenge in the euthymic state of MDD reveal...... Working-memory challenge in the euthymic state of MDD revealed a dissociation of lateral prefrontal and cingulate brain function. More...
cingulate cortex		Sleep deprivation(sleep deprivation)	environment	Wu, 1992	patients and normal controls		Before sleep deprivation the depressed responders had a sign...... Before sleep deprivation the depressed responders had a significantly higher cingulate cortex metabolic rate than the depressed nonresponders, and this normalized after sleep deprivation. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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