Study Report
Reference
| Citation | Kim, 2007 PubMed |
| Full Info | Kim, Y.K., Na, K.S., Shin, K.H., Jung, H.Y., Choi, S.H. and Kim, J.B. (2007) Cytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 31, 1044-1053.
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Study
| Hypothesis or Background |
A substantial body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of the immune system is associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Because most cytokines have pleiotropic effects, we measured various subsets of cytokines to examine the association between immune response and MDD.
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| Sample Information | Forty-eight hospitalized MDD patients and 63 normal controls were recruited. |
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| Method Detail | We measured in vitro monocytic (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), Th1 (interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1) cytokine production as well as IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios for both groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients were evaluated before and after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. |
| Method Keywords | immunocytochemical analysis |
| Result | At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher, whereas IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. |
| Conclusions | We suggest that activation of monocytic proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be associated with immunological dysregulation in MDD. TGF-beta1 may be associated with the regulation of monocytic cytokines as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines in MDD. |
Relationships reported by
Kim, 2007
| Component A Approved Name (Name in Paper) |
Component A Type |
Component B Approved Name (Name in Paper) |
Component B Type |
Statistical Result |
Relationship Description |
Result Category (Positive/Negative)) |
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Interleukin-6 (interleukin [IL]-6) |
protein |
|
At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) |
protein |
|
At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher in MDD patients. After treatment, IL-6 and TGF-beta1 production were significantly lower than before treatment. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Tumor necrosis factor (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) |
protein |
|
At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher in MDD patients. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Interleukin-4 (interleukin [IL]-4) |
protein |
|
At admission, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 production, and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio were significantly higher and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Interleukin-2 (interleukin [IL]-2) |
protein |
|
At admission IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. |
Positive
|
|
MDD
|
syndrome |
Interferon gamma (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) |
protein |
|
At admission IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 were significantly lower in MDD patients. |
Positive
|
