Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Subgenual cingulate
Brain Morphology	Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. It is also called the subgenual area, area subgenualis or subgenual cingulate. It is the 25th "Brodmann area" defined by Korbinian Brodmann (thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as a narrow band in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus. The posterior parolfactory sulcus separates the paraterminal gyrus from BA25. Rostrally it is bound by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann.
Brain Function	This region is extremely rich in serotonin transporters and is considered as a governor for a vast network involving areas like hypothalamus and brain stem, which influences changes in appetite and sleep; the amygdala and insula, which affect the mood and anxiety; the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory formation; and some parts of the frontal cortex responsible for self-esteem.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	9(9/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
subgenual cingulate	Greicius, 2007	patients and normal controls		Resting-state subgenual cingulate and thalamic functional co...... Resting-state subgenual cingulate and thalamic functional connectivity with the default-mode network were significantly greater in the depressed subjects. More...
subgenual cortex	Wagner, 2008	patients and normal controls		Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed grey matter decreases...... Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed grey matter decreases in the subgenual cortex. More...
subgenual cingulate	Matthews, 2008	patients and normal controls		Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) du...... Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) during emotion processing, the MDD relative to the HC group showed more task-related co-activation of the subgenual cingulate More...
subgenual cingulate cortex	Desseilles, 2009	patients and normal controls		Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hype...... Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hyperactivity in subgenual cingulate/medial orbitofrontal cortex that was modulated by attentional load. More...
subgenual cingulate area	Hsu, 2010	patients and normal controls		Negative correlations were also found in the subgenual cingu...... Negative correlations were also found in the subgenual cingulate area 25, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD. More...
subgenual cortex	Terroni, 2011	high-risk people		Major depressive episode was associated with larger lesions ...... Major depressive episode was associated with larger lesions in areas of the medial prefrontal cortex including the ventral (BA24) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA32) and subgenual cortex (BA25); and also the subiculum (BA28/36) and amygdala (BA34). More...
subgenual cingulate	Aizenstein, 2011	patients and normal controls		Greater subgenual cingulate activity was observed in the dep...... Greater subgenual cingulate activity was observed in the depressed patients relative to the nondepressed comparison subjects. More...
subgenual cingulate	Hsu, 2012	patients and normal controls		Among GG-homozygotes, BOLD signal in the subgenual cingulate...... Among GG-homozygotes, BOLD signal in the subgenual cingulate was greater in MDD participants (n = 9) compared with controls (n = 33). More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
subgenual cingulate		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Matthews, 2008	patients and normal controls		Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) du...... Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) during emotion processing, the MDD relative to the HC group showed more task-related co-activation of the subgenual cingulate More...
subgenual cingulate		Emotion(processing negative self-referential information)	cognition and behavior	Matthews, 2008	patients and normal controls		Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) du...... Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) during emotion processing, the MDD relative to the HC group showed more task-related co-activation of the subgenual cingulate, which is involved in processing negative self-referential information More...
subgenual cingulate cortex		Attention(attention)	cognition and behavior	Desseilles, 2009	patients and normal controls		Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hype...... Analyses of fMRI data revealed that MDD patients show a hyperactivity in subgenual cingulate/medial orbitofrontal cortex that was modulated by attentional load. More...
subgenual cingulate		Depressed mood(depressed mood)	symptoms	Mayberg, 1999	patients and normal controls		With sadness, increases in limbic-paralimbic blood flow was ...... With sadness, increases in limbic-paralimbic blood flow was identified. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web