Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Parahippocampal gyrus
Brain Morphology	The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus.
Brain Function	This region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	10(10/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
parahippocampal gyrus	Aihara, 2007	patients only		Prior to treatment of the unmedicated MDD, a significant hyp...... Prior to treatment of the unmedicated MDD, a significant hypermetabolism in the parahippocampal gyrus were observed compared with controls. More...
parahippocampal cortex	Nofzinger, 2005	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients showed larger decreases than healthy subj...... Depressed patients showed larger decreases than healthy subjects in relative metabolism in the parahippocampal cortex More...
parahippocampal gyrus	Alves, 2006	patients and normal controls	left anterior ANOVA, P-value = 0.008 corrected for multiple comparisons; right posterior P-value = 0.005 corrected	Significant rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) reductions in...... Significant rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) reductions in MDD-HF(heart failure) patients relative to both non-depressed HF patients and healthy controls were detected in the left anterior parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus (ANOVA, p=0.008 corrected for multiple comparisons) and the right posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (p=0.005 corrected). More...
parahippocampal cortices	Iritani, 2006	animal model		The results showed more VMAT2-immunoreactive varicose fibers...... The results showed more VMAT2-immunoreactive varicose fibers in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus and parahippocampal cortexes, and more intense 5HTT-immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cell layer and the area CA4 of hippocampus in the animal models of depression compared to those of the controls. On the other hand, lower density of 5HT1a-immunoreactive deposits in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus and the parahippocampal cortex was observed in the animal models of depression compared to those of the controls. More...
parahippocampal gyrus	Klumpers, 2010	patients and normal controls	P-value uncorrected < or =0.001	In MDD, parametric voxel-by-voxel Logan plots showed bilater...... In MDD, parametric voxel-by-voxel Logan plots showed bilateral reduced [(11)C]FMZ binding in the parahippocampal gyrus and right lateral superior temporal gyrus (p uncorrected < or =0.001). The bilateral reduction in limbic parahippocampal and right temporal [(11)C]FMZ binding found in MDD indicates decreased GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex affinity and/or number. More...
parahippocampal cortices	Cornwell, 2010	patients and normal controls		Robust group differences in theta activity were observed in ...... Robust group differences in theta activity were observed in right medial temporal cortices during navigation, with patients exhibiting less engagement of the anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices relative to comparison subjects. More...
parahippocampus	Cooney, 2010	patients and normal controls		Neural activity during rumination versus abstract distractio...... Neural activity during rumination versus abstract distraction was greater for depressed than for control participants in the amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
parahippocampus		Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A(monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A))	protein	Meyer, 2006	patients and normal controls		The MAO-A DVS (specific distribution volume) was highly sign...... The MAO-A DVS (specific distribution volume) was highly significantly elevated in parahippocampus. More...
parahippocampal gyrus		Attention(impaired attention)	cognition and behavior	Li, 2010	patients and normal controls		Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(g...... Impaired acoustic and visual attention associated with GMV(gray matter volume) differences in several cortical regions, thalamus and amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus. More...
parahippocampal cortices		Perception(impaired spatial navigation)	cognition and behavior	Cornwell, 2010	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients showed impaired spatial navigation. Dysfu...... Depressed patients showed impaired spatial navigation. Dysfunction of right anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices may underlie this deficit and stem from structural abnormalities commonly found in depressed patients. More...
parahippocampal gyrus		Depressed mood(depressive mood)	symptoms	Perico, 2005	patients and normal controls	P-value < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons	Severity of depressive mood was inversely correlated with rC...... Severity of depressive mood was inversely correlated with rCBF in the left amygdala, lentiform nucleus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and directly correlated with rCBF in the right postero-lateral parietal cortex (p < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). More...

---

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web