Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	IL15
Approved Name	interleukin 15
Symbol Alias	IL-15, MGC9721
Location	4q31
Position	chr4:142557749-142655140 (+)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 3600 Ensembl: ENSG00000164136 UCSC: uc003iis.3 HGNC ID: 5977
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	2(2/0)
Type	Literature-origin

Positive relationships between IL15 and MDD (count: 1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
IL-15	Shelton, 2011	patients and normal controls		Gene set analysis suggested up-regulation of a variety of pr...... Gene set analysis suggested up-regulation of a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma (IFNgamma), and lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily member 1). More...

Positive relationships between IL15 and other components at different levels (count: 1)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name (Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
Name in Literature	Related Components
Il15		Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1(Setdb1 (Set domain, bifurcated 1))	protein	Jiang Y, 2010	animal model		Gene was occupied by Setdb1 in neuron Gene was occupied by Setdb1 in neuron

Positive relationship network of IL15 in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between IL15 and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between IL15 and other components at different levels (count: 0)

IL15 related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 0)

IL15 related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 1)

Approved Name	UniportKB	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	Source
Interleukin-15	P40933	0(0/0)	Gene mapped

IL15 related GO terms (count: 36)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0006954	inflammatory response	biological process	IEA

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0001779	natural killer cell differentiation	biological process	IEA
GO:0045580	regulation of T cell differentiation	biological process	IEA
GO:0005768	endosome	cellular component	TAS[10851076]
GO:0034105	positive regulation of tissue remodeling	biological process	IC[16482511]
GO:0048662	negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0005615	extracellular space	cellular component	IEA
GO:0005576	extracellular region	cellular component	NAS[14718574]
GO:0048469	cell maturation	biological process	IEA
GO:0005126	cytokine receptor binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0006955	immune response	biological process	IEA
GO:0045062	extrathymic T cell selection	biological process	IEA
GO:0032740	positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	biological process	IDA[16482511]
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	biological process	TAS[10851076]
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	cellular component	TAS[10851076]
GO:0050691	regulation of defense response to virus by host	biological process	IEA
GO:0050778	positive regulation of immune response	biological process	IEA
GO:0050729	positive regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	IC[16482511]
GO:0007568	aging	biological process	IEA
GO:0005634	nucleus	cellular component	IEA
GO:0014732	skeletal muscle atrophy	biological process	IEA
GO:0001866	NK T cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular function	IPI[16284400]
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	cellular component	TAS[10851076]
GO:0042517	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein	biological process	IEA
GO:0030212	hyaluronan metabolic process	biological process	IEA
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	biological process	TAS[7759105]
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	cellular component	TAS[10851076]
GO:0007165	signal transduction	biological process	TAS[8178155]
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	molecular function	IEA
GO:0032825	positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation	biological process	IEA
GO:0032819	positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0048535	lymph node development	biological process	IEA
GO:0071305	cellular response to vitamin D	biological process	IEA
GO:0042102	positive regulation of T cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0016020	membrane	cellular component	TAS[10851076]

IL15 related KEGG pathways (count: 3)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa04060	cytokine cytokine_receptor_interaction	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	Cytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoprotein...... Cytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell growth, differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, and development and repair processes aimed at the restoration of homeostasis. Cytokines are released by various cells in the body, usually in response to an activating stimulus, and they induce responses through binding to specific receptors on the cell surface of target cells. Cytokines can be grouped by structure into different families and their receptors can likewise be grouped. More...
hsa04672	intestinal immune_network_for_iga_production	Intestinal immune network for IgA production	The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. On...... The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyer's patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes. More...
hsa04630	jak stat_signaling_pathway	Jak-STAT signaling pathway	The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transc...... The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeostasis in animals, from humans to flies. In mammals, the JAK/STAT pathway is the principal signaling mechanism for a wide array of cytokines and growth factors. Following the binding of cytokines to their cognate receptor, STATs are activated by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. Once activated, they dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. In addition to the activation of STATs, JAKs mediate the recruitment of other molecules such as the MAP kinases, PI3 kinase etc. These molecules process downstream signals via the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase and PI3 kinase pathways which results in the activation of additional transcription factors. More...

IL15 related BioCarta pathways (count: 2)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped BioCarta pathways
CYTOKINE_PATHWAY	cytokine pathway	Cytokine Network	Several different cell types coordinate their efforts as par...... Several different cell types coordinate their efforts as part of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. Each of these cell types has a distinct role in the immune system, and communicates with other immune cells using secreted factors called cytokines, including interleukins, TNF, and the interferons. Macrophages phagocytose foreign bodies and are antigen-presenting cells, using cytokines to stimulate specific antigen dependent responses by B and T cells and non-specific responses by other cell types. T cells secrete a variety of factors to coordinate and stimulate immune responses to specific antigen, such as the role of helper T cells in B cell activation in response to antigen. The proliferation and activation of eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils respond to cytokines as well. Cytokine communication is often local, within a tissue or between cells in close proximity. Each of the cytokines is secreted by one set of cells and provokes a response in another target set of cells, often including the cell that secretes the cytokine. Some cytokines, like IL-1, interferons and TNF, stimulate a broad inflammatory response in response to infection or injury. Other cytokines have more specific functions such the following examples. IL-2 stimulates the proliferation and activation of B and T cells. IL-4 plays a role in the differentiation of Th2 cells, in allergic responses, and in the switching of antibody types. IL-5 stimulates the production and maturation of eosinophils during inflammation. IL-8 is a chemokine, a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils and T cells to sites of inflammation. IL-12 and IL-18 are involved in helper T cell differentiation. IL-10 apparently acts to repress secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The complex interplay of these different cytokine functions with immune cells is essential for correct immune function. More...
INFLAM_PATHWAY	inflam pathway	Cytokines and Inflammatory Response	Inflammation is a protective response to infection by the im...... Inflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an important part of the immune response, but chronic inappropriate inflammation can lead to destruction of tissues in autoimmune disorders and perhaps neurodegenerative or cardiovascular disease. Secreted cytokine proteins provide signals between immune cells to coordinate the inflammatory response. Some cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF act to broadly provoke the inflammatory response while others act on specific types of immune cells. Macrophages and other phagocytotic cells provide a front-line defense against bacterial infection. Macrophages stimulate the inflammatory responses of neutrophils, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in response infection by secreting IL-1 and TNF. IL-1 and TNF cause fever through alteration of the body temperature set-point in the hypothalamus. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells respond to IL-1 and TNF by recruiting more immune cells to the site of inflammation. Secreted IL-8 is a chemokine that attracts neutrophils to sites of infection. Macrophages also present antigen to T helper cells that play a central role in coordinating immune responses. T helper cells induce clonal expansion of T cells that respond to antigen, with IL-2 as a key mediator of T cell proliferation and activation. TGF-beta is a negative regulator of proliferation in many cells, have anti-inflammatory actions in some settings. The cytotoxic activity of Natural Killer cells (NK cells) and lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) toward viral infected or tumor cells is stimulated by IL-2 and other cytokines. T helpers secrete IL-3 and IL-5 to stimulate eosinophil proliferation and activation. Eosinophils are involved in the immune response to parasitic infection. T helper cells are required to stimulate B cell responses as well, with the cytokines IL-10, IL-4 and other cytokines regulating the clonal selection and differentiation of antigen-specific B cells to form antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory cells. In addition to inducing activation and proliferation of specific differentiated immune cells, cytokines act on hematopoeitic stem cells, causing their proliferation and differentiation into the full range of immune cells. More...

IL15 related Reactome pathways (count: 0)

IL15 related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 3)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
IL15	IL2RG	No	in vivo	8568232
IL15	IL2RB	No	in vivo	8026467 , 9176231
IL15	IL15RA	No	in vitro;in vivo	7641685 , 16284400

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Gene mapped BioCarta pathways