Pathway Report

Name	Graft-versus-host disease
KEGG Link	ID: hsa05332 Name: graft versus_host_disease Brief Description: Graft-versus-host disease Full Description: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathophysiology can be summerized in a three-step process. During step 1, the conditioning regimen (irradiation and/or chemotherapy) leads to damage, activation of host tissues and induction of inflammatory cytokines secretion. Increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and adhesion molecules leads to enhancement of the recognition of host MHC and/or minor histocompatibility antigens by mature donor T cells. Donor T-cell activation in step II is characterized by the predominance of Th1 cells and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. These cytokines induce further T-cell expansion, induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells responses and prime additional mononuclear phagocytes to produce TNF-alpha and IL-1. Also, nitric oxide (NO) is produced by activated macrophages, and it may contribute to the tissue damage seen during step 3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which leaks through the intestinal mucosa that was damaged during step 1, together with IFN-gamma, from step 2, further stimulate macrophages to secrete cytokines and NO. During step 3, the effector phase, activated CTL and NK cells mediate cytotoxicity against target host cells through Fas-Fas ligand interactions and perforin-granzyme B.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	1 (1/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
Graft-versus-host disease	Kao CF, 2012	patients and normal controls		We found 17 significantly enriched pathways for depression We found 17 significantly enriched pathways for depression

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Approved Symbol	Approved Name	Type	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)
TNF	tumor necrosis factor	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped	5(5/0)
IL2	interleukin 2	Literature-origin; Protein mapped	1(1/0)
IL6	interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)	Literature-origin; Protein mapped	1(0/1)
IL1A	interleukin 1, alpha	Literature-origin	2(2/0)
IFNG	interferon, gamma	Literature-origin; Protein mapped	1(1/0)
IL1B	interleukin 1, beta	Literature-origin; SNP mapped; Protein mapped	3(2/1)