Several of the six single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested in......
Several of the six single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested in the GAD1 region demonstrated significant association in both stages, and a combined analysis in all 1128 subjects indicated that they formed a common high-risk haplotype that was significantly over-represented in cases (P=0.003) with effect size OR=1.23More...
Positive relationships between GAD1 and other components at different levels (count: 0)
Positive relationship network of GAD1 in MK4MDD
Network loading ...
Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.
Genetic/Epigenetic Locus
Protein and Other Molecule
Cell and Molecular Pathway
Neural System
Cognition and Behavior
Symptoms and Signs
Environment
MDD
2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network.
If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node.
Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node.
Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges.
Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web
Negative relationships between GAD1 and MDD (count: 1)
Comparison of SNP and haplotype frequencies between individ......
Comparison of SNP and haplotype frequencies between individuals with depression and controls revealed no differencesMore...
Negative relationships between GAD1 and other components at different levels (count: 0)
Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from auto......
Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma). Type I diabetes is a polygenic disease. One of the principle determining genetic factors in diabetes incidence is the inheritance of mutant MHC-II alleles. Another plausible candidate gene is the insulin gene.More...
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules used by neurons to......
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules used by neurons to communicate across chemical synapses. The receptors for neurotransmitters include G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels. The biogenic amines are neurotransmitters derived from amino acids, and include dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, histamine and serotonin. For each of these, decarboxylation of an amino acid is a key step. GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter and is synthesized through the decarboxylation of glutamate in a single step. Glutamate is itself an abundant excitatory neurotransmitter. Histamine signals are involved in inflammation and acid secretion in the stomach, acting through GPCRs. Histamine is synthesized in a single step from the amino acid histidine through decarboxylation. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter with a large range of effects, including roles in mood and depression, and is synthesized by first adding a hydroxyl group to tryptophan, followed by decarboxylation. A common mechanism of antidepressant action is to block the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. Dopamine is involved in movement and mood and is derived from tyrosine through addition of a hydroxyl group and decarboxylation. Additional reactions create norepinephrine and epinephrine from dopamine. These molecules, also called adrenalin and noradrenalin, act on the adrenergic receptors to exert responses including alteration of blood pressure, heart rate, metabolic activity, and bronchodilation. Many common drugs such as asthma and heart pressure medications act on adrenergic receptors. Alterations in these biosynthetic pathways can lead to significant clinical consequences. For example, deficiency in tyrosine hydroxylase activity leads to a movement disorder similar to Parkinson's disease and may play a role in Parkinson's disease and the development of an autoimmune response against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) may trigger the destruction of insulin-secreting cells and type I diabetes. Numerous studies have searched for a potential genetic role of tryptophan hydroxylase mutations in neuropsychiatric indications, with conflicting results.More...
GAD1 related Reactome pathways (count: 0)
GAD1 related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 5)