Reactome Pathway Report
Basic Information
| ID |
|
| Name |
regulation of_insulin_secretion_by_acetylcholine
|
| Description |
Acetylcholine released by parasympathetic nerve endings in the pancreas causes a potentiation of insulin release when glucose is present at concentrations greater than about 7 mM. Acetylcholine binds the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 on pancreatic beta cells. The binding has two effects: an increase in permeability of the cell to Na+ ions through an unknown mechanism, and the activation of Phospholipase C beta-1 through a heterotrimeric G protein, G(q). After acetylcholine binds the Muscarinic Acetycholine Receptor M3, the receptor activates the G protein Gq by causing the alpha subunit of Gq to exchange GDP for GTP. Activation of Gq in turn activates Phospholipase C beta-1. Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond at the third position of phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, producing diacylglycerols (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. DAG remains in the cell membrane and causes Protein Kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane. This results in the activation of PKC alpha which then phosphorylates target proteins on serine and threonine residues. One known target of PKC alpha is Myristoylated Alanine-rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS), which is believed to affect vesicle transport and may be responsible for the increased traffic of insulin granules seen in response to acetylcholine. Inositol trisphophate binds a receptor, the IP3 receptor, on calcium stores in the cell (probably the endoplasmic reticulum). The release of calcium into the cytosol stimulates the exocytosis of insulin granules.
|
REACT_18405 related genes in MK4MDD (count: 5)
| Approved Symbol |
Approved Name |
Type |
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative) |
| ITPR1 |
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1 |
Literature-origin; SNP mapped
|
1(1/0) |
| GNAO1 |
guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O |
Protein mapped
|
0(0/0) |
| STX1A |
syntaxin 1A (brain) |
Literature-origin
|
1(1/0) |
| INS |
insulin |
Literature-origin; Protein mapped
|
1(1/0) |
| SNAP25 |
synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa |
Literature-origin; Protein mapped
|
1(1/0) |
