Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	RALA
Approved Name	v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)
Previous Symbol	RAL
Name Alias	"RAS-like protein A", "Ras-related protein Ral-A", "Ras family small GTP binding protein RALA", "ras related GTP binding protein A"
Location	7p22-p15
Position	chr7:39745845-39747723 (+)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 5898 Ensembl: ENSG00000006451 UCSC: uc003thd.3 HGNC ID: 9839
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	1(1/0)
Type	Literature-origin

Positive relationships between RALA and MDD (count: 1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
RALA	Aston, 2005	patients and normal controls		Genes altered in major depressive disorder Genes altered in major depressive disorder

Positive relationships between RALA and other components at different levels (count: 0)

Positive relationship network of RALA in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between RALA and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between RALA and other components at different levels (count: 0)

RALA related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 0)

RALA related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 0)

RALA related GO terms (count: 33)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Literature-origin GO terms
GO:0008152	metabolic process	biological process	IEA

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0032553	ribonucleotide binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0005525	GTP binding	molecular function	IDA[24056301]
GO:0007165	signal transduction	biological process	TAS[2550440\|10848592]
GO:0030139	endocytic vesicle	cellular component	IDA[19306925]
GO:0030659	cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	cellular component	TAS
GO:0048011	neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway	biological process	TAS
GO:0061024	membrane organization	biological process	TAS
GO:0031625	ubiquitin protein ligase binding	molecular function	IPI[24056301]
GO:0030496	midbody	cellular component	IEA
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular function	IPI[7673236\|10051605\|12839989\|17540176\|19306925\|21241894\|24056301]
GO:0009986	cell surface	cellular component	IDA[19306925]
GO:0005925	focal adhesion	cellular component	IDA[21423176]
GO:0017022	myosin binding	molecular function	IPI[24056301]
GO:0032154	cleavage furrow	cellular component	IDA[18756269]
GO:0016032	viral process	biological process	IEA
GO:0001843	neural tube closure	biological process	IEA
GO:0007265	Ras protein signal transduction	biological process	TAS
GO:0031532	actin cytoskeleton reorganization	biological process	IDA[10051605]
GO:0006935	chemotaxis	biological process	TAS[10848592]
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	molecular function	IEA
GO:0006887	exocytosis	biological process	IEA
GO:0051491	positive regulation of filopodium assembly	biological process	IDA[10051605]
GO:0019003	GDP binding	molecular function	IDA[24056301]
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	cellular component	IDA[17875936]
GO:0032553	ribonucleotide binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0031755	Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding	molecular function	IDA[19306925]
GO:0000910	cytokinesis	biological process	IDA[18756269]
GO:0043209	myelin sheath	cellular component	IEA
GO:0017157	regulation of exocytosis	biological process	IDA[20005108]
GO:0051117	ATPase binding	molecular function	IPI[24056301]
GO:0051665	membrane raft localization	biological process	IDA[20005108]
GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	cellular component	IDA[19056867\|19199708\|20458337\|23533145]

RALA related KEGG pathways (count: 2)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa05200	pathways in_cancer	Pathways in cancer
hsa05212	pancreatic cancer	Pancreatic cancer	Normal duct epithelium progresses to infiltrating cancer thr...... Normal duct epithelium progresses to infiltrating cancer through a series of histologically defined precursors (PanINs). The overexpression of HER-2/neu and activating point mutations in the K-ras gene occur early, inactivation of the p16 gene at an intermediate stage, and the inactivation of p53, SMAD4, and BRCA2 occur relatively late. Activated K-ras engages multiple effector pathways. Although EGF receptors are conventionally regarded as upstream activators of RAS proteins, they can also act as RAS signal transducers via RAS-induced autocrine activation of the EGFR family ligands. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) show elevated expression of EGF receptors (e.g. HER2/neu) and their ligands (e.g.TGF-alpha) consistent with the presence of this autocrine loop. Moreover, PDA shows extensive genomic instability and aneuploidy. Telomere attrition and mutations in p53 and BRCA2 are likely to contribute to these phenotypes. Inactivation of the SMAD4 tumour suppressor gene leads to loss of the inhibitory influence of the transforming growth factor-beta signalling pathway. More...

RALA related BioCarta pathways (count: 1)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped BioCarta pathways
RAS_PATHWAY	ras pathway	Ras Signaling Pathway	Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate so...... Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The effectors mediate Ras stimulation to a diverse set of cellular signals. Many of these signals are interpreted differently depending on the cell type or microenvironment receiving the stimulus. Not all of these effectors are activated in any given cell type. The primary method of activation is to promote the translocation of the molecule to the plasma membrane where additional interactions lead to the activation of the molecule. RalGDS is a Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) for Ral but also has other independent functions. RalGDS activates RalA/B-related small GTPases. RalBP1 is a GTPase activating protein that leads to the inhibition of the Rac and CDC42 GTPases. Ral can also interact with phospholipase D1 (PLD1) that can also be activated by RhoA. Ras stimulation of the lipid kinase activity of PI3K occurs through an interaction with the p110 catalytic subunit. PI3K phosphorylates the D3 position of phosphatidylinositides. In this example Pip2 is converted to PIP3. PIP3 stimulates the AKT/PKB kinase and several of the Rac-GEFs such as Sos1 AND Vav. AKT activation inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the actions of Bad, Caspase9 and AFX. AKT further hinders apoptosis by phosphorylating the IkB repressor of NFkB. Stimulus of Rac causes among other things the activation of NFkB. Ras also stimulates the mitogen-activated kinases ERK1/2 via the Raf1 cascade. The Erk kinases translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate various transcription factors such as ELK1 More...

RALA related Reactome pathways (count: 5)

ID	Name	Description
Gene mapped Reactome pathways
REACT_12033	signalling to_ras	Signalling through Shc adaptor proteins appears to be identi...... Signalling through Shc adaptor proteins appears to be identical for both NGF and EGF. It leads to a fast, but transient, MAPK/ERK activation, which is insufficient to explain the prolonged activation of MAPK found in NGF-treated cells. More...
REACT_11061	signalling by_ngf	Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles i...... Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in minute amounts, by a variety of tissues. They signal through two types of receptors: TRK tyrosine kinase receptors (TRKA, TRKB, TRKC), which specifically interact with the different neurotrophins, and p75NTR, which interacts with all neurotrophins. TRK receptors are reported in a variety of tissues in addition to neurons. p75NTRs are also widespread. Neurotrophins and their receptors are synthesized as several different splice variants, which differ in terms of their biological activities. The nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first growth factor to be identified and has served as a model for studying the mechanisms of action of neurotrophins and growth factors. The mechanisms by which NGF generates diverse cellular responses have been studied extensively in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. When exposed to NGF, PC12 cells exit the cell cycle and differentiate into sympathetic neuron-like cells. Current data show that signalling by the other neurotrophins is similar to NGF signalling. More...
REACT_12056	trka signalling_from_the_plasma_membrane	Trk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intra...... Trk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes is slower but long lasting. Signalling from the plasma membrane is annotated here. TRK signalling leads to proliferation in some cell types and neuronal differentiation in others. Proliferation is the likely outcome of short term signalling, as observed following stimulation of EGFR (EGF receptor). Long term signalling via TRK receptors, instead, was clearly shown to be required for neuronal differentiation in response to neurotrophins. More...
REACT_12058	signalling to_erks	Neurotrophins utilize multiple pathways to activate ERKs (ER...... Neurotrophins utilize multiple pathways to activate ERKs (ERK1 and ERK2), a subgroup of the large MAP kinase (MAPK) family, from the plasma membrane. The major signalling pathways to ERKs are via RAS, ocurring from caveolae in the plasma membrane or from clathrin-coated vesicles, and via RAP1, taking place in early endosomes. Whereas RAS activation by NGF is transient, RAP1 activation by NGF is sustained for hours. More...
REACT_12065	p38mapk events	NGF induces sustained activation of p38, a member of the MAP...... NGF induces sustained activation of p38, a member of the MAPK family. Both p38 and the ERKs appear to be involved in neurite outgrowth and differentiation caused by NGF in PC12 cells. As a matter of fact, PC12 cell differentiation appears to involve activation of both ERK/MAPK and p38. Both ERK/MAPK and p38 pathways contribute to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB and the activation of immediate-early genes. p38 activation by NGF may occur by at least two mechanisms, involving SRC or MEK kinases. More...

RALA related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 23)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
RALA	FLNA	No	in vitro;in vivo	10051605
RALA	CNKSR2	No	in vivo	14597674
RALA	EXOC5	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	CSDA	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	15592429
RALA	EXOC7	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	EXOC4	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	RALBP1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	7673236
RALA	EXOC2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	14525976 , 12624092 , 11744922 , 12839989
RALA	PPP2R1B	No	in vivo	17540176
RALA	PLCD1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	15817490
RALA	RASSF5	No	yeast 2-hybrid	9488663
RALA	RALGPS1	No	in vitro;in vivo	10889189
RALA	EXOC3	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	EXOC1	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	RAB8B	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	10889189
RALA	RGL4	No	in vitro	12874025
RALA	REPS1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	7623849
RALA	EXOC6B	No	in vitro	11406615
RALA	ARF1	No	in vivo	12509462 , 9688545
RALA	SMAD4	No	yeast 2-hybrid	15231748
RALA	EXOC8	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	14525976 , 11406615
RALA	PLD1	No	in vitro;in vivo	9207251
RALA	CALM1	Yes	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9188503

Gene Report

Literature-origin GO terms

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Gene mapped BioCarta pathways

Gene mapped Reactome pathways