Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Limbic lobe
Brain Morphology	The limbic lobe is an arc-shaped region of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere of the mammalian brain, consisting of parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The term is ambiguous, with some authors including the paraterminal gyrus, the subcallosal area, the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus and the subiculum; while the Terminologia Anatomica includes the cingulate sulcus, the cingulate gyrus, the isthmus of cingulate gyrus, the fasciolar gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the parahippocampal sulcus, the dentate gyrus, the fimbrodentate sulcus, the fimbria of hippocampus, the collateral sulcus, and the rhinal sulcus, and omits the hippocampus.
Brain Function	Broca named the limbic lobe in 1878, identifying it with the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, and associating it with the sense of smell. Treviranus having earlier noted that, between species, the size of the parahippocampal gyrus varies with the size of the olfactory nerve. In 1937 Papez theorized that a circuit including the hippocampal formation and the cingulate gyrus constitutes the neural substrate of emotional behavior, and Kl¨¹ver and Bucy reported that, in monkeys, resection involving the hippocampal formation and the amygdaloid complex has a profound effect on emotional responses. As a consequence of these publications, the idea that the entire limbic lobe is dedicated to olfaction receded, and a direct connection between emotion and the limbic lobe was established.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	8(8/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
limbic regions	Anand, 2005	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients had increased activation of cortical and ...... Depressed patients had increased activation of cortical and limbic regions. More...
limbic regions	Canli, 2004	patients and normal controls		For happy words, depressed subjects exhibited less activatio...... For happy words, depressed subjects exhibited less activation than did controls to happy words in fronto-temporal and limbic regions. For sad words, depressed subjects showed more activation than did controls in the inferior parietal lobule and less activation in the superior temporal gyrus and cerebellum More...
limbic structures	Milak, 2005	patients only		Total HDRS(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score correlate...... Total HDRS(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score correlated positively with activity in a large bilateral ventral cortical and subcortical region that included limbic, thalamic, and basal ganglia structures. More...
limbic regions	Perico, 2005	patients and normal controls		Our findings confirmed the prediction that separate symptom ...... Our findings confirmed the prediction that separate symptom domains of the MDD syndrome are related to specific rCBF patterns, and extend results from prior studies that suggested the involvement of anterior cingulate, frontal, limbic and basal ganglia regions in the pathophysiology of MDD. More...
limbic brain areas	Hasler, 2007	patients only		Comorbid MDD was associated with a significantly more pronou...... Comorbid MDD was associated with a significantly more pronounced reduction in 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in TLE ( temporal lobe epilepsy) patients, extending into non-lesional limbic brain areas outside the epileptic focus. More...
limbic areas	Lai, 2010	patients and normal controls		Patients had deficits of gray matter volumes over limbic are...... Patients had deficits of gray matter volumes over limbic areas when compared to controls. More...
limbic-paralimbic regions	Kessler, 2011	patients and normal controls		Relative to control subjects, patients with depression showe...... Relative to control subjects, patients with depression showed increased hemodynamic responses in limbic-paralimbic and subcortical regions (e.g. amygdala and basal ganglia) but no signal decrease in prefrontal regions. More...
limbic areas	Seidel, 2012	patients and normal controls		Applying a psycho-physiological interaction analysis, we obs...... Applying a psycho-physiological interaction analysis, we observed reduced coupling between a dorsomedial PFC seed region and limbic areas during self-serving attributions in patients compared to controls. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
limbic areas		Attribution and attitude(biased causal attribution)	cognition and behavior	Seidel, 2012	patients and normal controls		Applying a psycho-physiological interaction analysis, we obs...... Applying a psycho-physiological interaction analysis, we observed reduced coupling between a dorsomedial PFC seed region and limbic areas during self-serving attributions in patients compared to controls. More...
limbic structures		Sleep disturbances(sleep disturbance)	symptoms	Milak, 2005	patients only		Sleep disturbance correlated positively with metabolism in l...... Sleep disturbance correlated positively with metabolism in limbic structures and basal ganglia. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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