Molecule Report

Name	Glutamine
Description	A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.
MeSH ID	D005973
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	10(10/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
Glx (glutamine)	Auer, 2000	patients and normal controls		decrease of Glx in patients with major depressive episodes decrease of Glx in patients with major depressive episodes
glutamine	Pfleiderer, 2003	patients and normal controls		We observed significantly reduced Glx (glutamate/glutamine) ...... We observed significantly reduced Glx (glutamate/glutamine) levels in the patients' left cingulum compared to healthy controls. More...
glutamine	Michael, 2003	patients and normal controls		In depressed patients reduced glutamate/glutamine (Glx) leve...... In depressed patients reduced glutamate/glutamine (Glx) levels were measured pre-ECT; Glx concentrations correlated negatively with severity of depression. More...
glutamine	Mirza, 2004	patients and normal controls		Anterior cingulate glutamatergic (glutamate/glutamine Glx) c...... Anterior cingulate glutamatergic (glutamate/glutamine Glx) concentrations were significantly lower (19% decrease) in MDD patients versus controls (9.27 +/- 0.43 versus 11.47 +/- 0.26, respectively, p = 0.000). More...
glutamine	Hasler, 2005	patients and normal controls		Secondary analyses provided preliminary evidence for a negat...... Secondary analyses provided preliminary evidence for a negative relationship between the glutamate/glutamine (Glx)/GABA ratio and age of onset of major depression in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. More...
glutamine (Gln)	Bhagwagar, 2007	patients and normal controls		Occipital levels of GABA and NAA were significantly lower in...... Occipital levels of GABA and NAA were significantly lower in recovered depressed and bipolar subjects than in healthy controls, whereas Glu +Gln concentrations were higher. More...
glutamine	Hasler, 2007	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients had reduced Glx (glutamate/glutamine) lev...... Depressed patients had reduced Glx (glutamate/glutamine) levels in both ROIs(region of interest). More...
glutamine	Block, 2009	patients and normal controls		In the cross-sectional comparison, we observed a significant...... In the cross-sectional comparison, we observed a significant reduction of the metabolic ratios Glx/Cr (Glx=glutamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamine (Gln)/Cr in the patient group. The Gln/Glx ratio also showed a trend towards significant reduction. More...
glutamine	Walter, 2009	patients and normal controls		Patients with highly anhedonic MDD show decreased glutamine ...... Patients with highly anhedonic MDD show decreased glutamine concentrations. More...
glutamine	Horn, 2010	patients and normal controls		The sum of Glutamine (Glx) in the pgACC predicted the restin...... The sum of Glutamine (Glx) in the pgACC predicted the resting-state functional connectivity between the two regions exclusively in depressed patients. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
glutamine		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Walter, 2009	patients and normal controls		Patients with highly anhedonic MDD show decreased glutamine ...... Patients with highly anhedonic MDD show decreased glutamine concentrations. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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