Neurobiological Component Report

Basic Information

Name	Delta wave
Description	A delta wave is a high amplitude brain wave with a frequency of oscillation between 0-4 hertz. Delta waves, like other brain waves, are recorded with an electroencephalogram (EEG) and are usually associated with the deepest stages of sleep (3 and 4 NREM), also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), and aid in characterizing the depth of sleep.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	9 (9/0)

Positive relationship between Delta wave and MDD (count: 5)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
delta activity	Pizzagalli, 2004	patients and normal controls		Following antidepressant treatment, depressed subjects with ...... Following antidepressant treatment, depressed subjects with the largest reductions in depression severity showed the lowest post-treatment subgenual PFC delta activity. More...
delta	Antonijevic, 2003	patients and normal controls		In premenopausal patients we noted primarily a shift in SWS(...... In premenopausal patients we noted primarily a shift in SWS(slow wave sleep) and delta-EEG activity from the first to the second non-REM period, which was not related to age or hormone secretion. More...
Delta (2-3.5 Hz)	Lubar, 2003	patients and normal controls		The between groups comparison of spectral power revealed dec...... The between groups comparison of spectral power revealed decreased activity in the right middle temporal gyrus in the depressed group. The decrease emerged in the whole frequency spectrum analyzed (2-32 Hz), although it reached significance in the Delta (2-3.5 Hz) band only. More...
delta frequency band	Korb, 2008	patients and normal controls		MDD subjects showed significantly elevated current density i...... MDD subjects showed significantly elevated current density in delta, theta, alpha, beta1, and beta2 frequency bands relative to controls in anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices. More...
slow-wave delta	Kohler, 2011	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.024	Compared with healthy controls, patients had more slow-wave ...... Compared with healthy controls, patients had more slow-wave delta (group difference: p = 0.024) More...

Positive relationships between Delta wave and other components at different levels (count: 7)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
delta activity		Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)	molecule	Dworak, 2010	animal model	Inducing sleep and delta activity by adenosine infusion into...... Inducing sleep and delta activity by adenosine infusion into basal forebrain during the normally active dark period also increases ATP More...
delta		Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep(rapid eye movement (REM) sleep)	neurobiological system	Liscombe, 2002	patients and normal controls	In general, slower frequencies declined across REM periods, ...... In general, slower frequencies declined across REM periods, with a significant REM period effect for delta, theta and alpha amplitude. More...
delta current density		rostral anterior cingulate(rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC))	brain morphology and function	Wacker, 2009	normal people	Anhedonia was correlated with increased resting delta curren...... Anhedonia was correlated with increased resting delta current density (i.e., decreased resting activity) in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). More...
delta activity (1.5-6.0 Hz)		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Pizzagalli, 2004	patients and normal controls	Melancholia--a subtype of depression characterized by anhedo...... Melancholia--a subtype of depression characterized by anhedonia-- was associated with reduced activity in the subgenual PFC, manifested by increased inhibitory delta activity (1.5-6.0 Hz). More...
delta		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Fernandez, 2005	patients and normal controls	Only 2 dipole density scores, right occipital delta and left...... Only 2 dipole density scores, right occipital delta and left temporal delta, were significantly related to depression. More...
occipital delta dipole density		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Fernandez, 2005	patients and normal controls	the right occipital delta dipole density is the factor with ...... the right occipital delta dipole density is the factor with the greatest predictive power for depression, and the only one to show a significant correlation with severity of depression. More...
delta current density		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Wacker, 2009	normal people	Anhedonia was correlated with increased resting delta curren...... Anhedonia was correlated with increased resting delta current density (i.e., decreased resting activity) in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). More...

Positive relationship network of Delta wave in MK4MDD

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between Delta wave and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between Delta wave and other components at different levels (count: 0)