Brain Morphology and Function Report

Basic Information

Name	Ventral striatum
Brain Morphology	The ventral striatum is generally considered that part of the striatum that is connectionally associated with limbic structures, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, midline thalamus, and certain regions of the prefrontal cortex. In addition, the ventral striatum is strongly innervated by dopaminergic fibers from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), known as the mesolimbic dopamine system, and has the highest density of serotonergic inputs in the striatum. The ventral striatum consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle. Although, some sources also include the ventromedial parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen.
Brain Function	In line with the characteristics of its inputs, the ventral striatum is functionally strongly associated with emotional and motivational aspects of behavior. Moreover, structural and functional disturbances of ventral striatal areas have been shown to be correlated with various forms of psychopathology, such as schizophrenia, addictive behavior, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Based on the character of the afferents of the nucleus accumbens, the ventral striatum may be viewed as a site for integration of signals with emotional content (amygdala); contextual information (hippocampus); motivational significance (dopaminergic inputs); information about the state of arousal (midline thalamus); and executive/cognitive information (prefrontal cortex).
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	10(10/0)

Positive relationships between Ventral striatum and MDD (count: 9)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
ventral striatum	Fu, 2004	patients and normal controls		Over time, depressed subjects showed reduced capacity for ac...... Over time, depressed subjects showed reduced capacity for activation in the ventral striatum. More...
ventral striatum	Malone, 2009	patients only		Significant improvements in depressive symptoms were observe...... Significant improvements in depressive symptoms were observed during deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral striatum. More...
ventral striatum	McCabe, 2009	patients and normal controls		Patients showed decreased neural responses to the pleasant s...... Patients showed decreased neural responses to the pleasant stimulus in the ventral striatum. More...
ventral striatum	Epstein, 2006	patients and normal controls		Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstr...... Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli. More...
ventral striatum	Steele, 2007	patients and normal controls		Depressed patients did not activated the ventral striatum to...... Depressed patients did not activated the ventral striatum to positive feedback. More...
ventral striatum	Kumar, 2008	patients and normal controls		Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning ...... Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning signals in ventral striatum. More...
ventral striatum	Neumeister, 2004	patients and normal controls		Compared with sham depletion, TD (tryptophan depletion) was ...... Compared with sham depletion, TD (tryptophan depletion) was associated with an increase in regional cerebral glucose utilization in the ventral striatum in patients with remitted MDD but not in controls. More...
ventral striatum (VS)	Grimm, 2009	patients and normal controls		Neurally, patients with MDD showed significantly lower signa...... Neurally, patients with MDD showed significantly lower signal intensities in various subcortical and cortical midline regions like the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), supragenual anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, ventral striatum (VS), and the dorsomedial thalamus (DMT). More...
ventral striatum	Murrough, 2011	patients and normal controls	1.37 +/- 0.13 and 1.68 +/- 0.16, respectively; 18.7% between-group difference; P-value < 0.001	Within the ventral striatum/ventral pallidum region of inter...... Within the ventral striatum/ventral pallidum region of interest, 5-HT(1B) receptor radioligand [(11)C]P943 BP (ND) was significantly reduced in the MDD group compared with the healthy control group (1.37 +/- 0.13 and 1.68 +/- 0.16, respectively; 18.7% between-group difference; p < 0.001). More...

Positive relationships between Ventral striatum and other components at different levels (count: 4)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
ventral striatum		Tryptophan(tryptophan)	molecule	Neumeister, 2004	patients and normal controls	Compared with sham depletion, TD (tryptophan depletion) was ...... Compared with sham depletion, TD (tryptophan depletion) was associated with an increase in regional cerebral glucose utilization in the ventral striatum in patients with remitted MDD but not in controls. More...
ventral striatum (VS)		Attribution and attitude(judgment of self-relatedness of negative emotional stimuli (increased negative self-attribution))	cognition and behavior	Grimm, 2009	patients and normal controls	Signal changes in the VS and the DMT were related to judgmen...... Signal changes in the VS and the DMT were related to judgment of self-relatedness of negative emotional stimuli. More...
ventral striatum		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Epstein, 2006	patients and normal controls	Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstr...... Relative to comparison subjects, depressed patients demonstrated significantly less bilateral ventral striatal activation to positive stimuli, correlating with decreased interest/pleasure in and performance of activities. More...
ventral striatum		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Keedwell, 2005	patients only	In response to happy stimuli, anhedonia, but not depression ...... In response to happy stimuli, anhedonia, but not depression severity per se, was positively and negatively correlated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and amygdala/ventral striatal activity More...

Positive relationship network of Ventral striatum in MK4MDD

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between Ventral striatum and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between Ventral striatum and other components at different levels (count: 0)