Signs Report

Name	Heart rate (HR)
Description	Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	7 (7/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
heart rates	Gotthardt, 1995	patients and normal controls		Basal hypercortisolemia and, at baseline, heart rates were h...... Basal hypercortisolemia and, at baseline, heart rates were higher in depressed patients. More...
heart rate (HR)	Volkers, 2003	patients and normal controls		The mean HR and DBP level and the respiratory frequency were...... The mean HR and DBP level and the respiratory frequency were higher in the patient group than in the control group More...
heart rate	Lavoie, 2004	patients only	P values <.05	Patients with MDD achieved a significantly lower percent of ...... Patients with MDD achieved a significantly lower percent of maximal predicted heart rate (%MPHR), exhibited lower peak exercise mets, and spent less time exercising compared with patients without MDD (all P values <.05). More...
heart rate	Davydov, 2007	patients and normal controls		The patients showed higher general sympathetic activity (hig...... The patients showed higher general sympathetic activity (high levels of blood pressure, low-frequency heart rate variability) and lower parasympathetic-related activity (high heart rate and reduced high frequency heart rate variability) More...
heart rate variability	Davydov, 2007	patients and normal controls		The patients showed higher general sympathetic activity (hig...... The patients showed higher general sympathetic activity (high levels of blood pressure, low-frequency heart rate variability) and lower parasympathetic-related activity (high heart rate and reduced high frequency heart rate variability) More...
heart rate variability (HRV)	Vaccarino, 2008	nomal people		Both current depressive symptoms and a history of MDD were s...... Both current depressive symptoms and a history of MDD were significantly associated with lower HRV More...
heart rate	Salomon, 2009	patients and normal controls		Depressed participants exhibited significantly less heart ra...... Depressed participants exhibited significantly less heart rate during speech, less heart rate reactivity during mirror tracing, and less heart rate recovery after speech and mirror tracing than controls. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
heart rate variability (HRV)		Orbitofrontal cortex(orbital cortices)	brain morphology and function	Nugent, 2011	patients and normal controls		Differences in the rCBF (regional cerebral blood flow) and H...... Differences in the rCBF (regional cerebral blood flow) and HRV (heart rate variability) correlations between depressed and healthy subjects were evident in both the medial and lateral orbital cortices. More...

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Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

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