Neurobiological Component Report

Name	Glutamatergic system
Description	Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	2 (2/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
glutamatergic system	Horn, 2010	patients and normal controls		These findings support the involvement of glutamatergic mech...... These findings support the involvement of glutamatergic mechanisms in severe MDD which are related to the functional connectivity between pgACC and AI and depression severity. More...
glutamatergic system	Saxena, 2001	patients and normal controls		Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was compared between gr...... Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was compared between groups. Left hippocampal metabolism was significantly lower in subjects with MDD alone and in subjects with concurrent OCD+MDD than in control subjects or subjects with OCD alone. Thalamic metabolism was significantly elevated in OCD alone and in MDD alone. More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
glutamatergic system		left hippocampus(left hippocampus)	brain morphology and function	Saxena, 2001	patients and normal controls		Left hippocampal metabolism was significantly lower in subje...... Left hippocampal metabolism was significantly lower in subjects with MDD alone and in subjects with concurrent OCD+MDD than in control subjects or subjects with OCD alone. Hippocampal metabolism was negatively correlated with depression severity across all subjects. More...
glutamatergic system		Thalamus(thalamus)	brain morphology and function	Saxena, 2001	patients and normal controls		Thalamic metabolism was significantly elevated in OCD alone ...... Thalamic metabolism was significantly elevated in OCD alone and in MDD alone. More...

---

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Name	Type
Hippocampus	brain morphology and function
Prefrontal cortex	brain morphology and function
Nucleus accumbens	brain morphology and function
glutamic acid	molecule
Glutamate receptor 1	protein
Glutamate receptor 2	protein
Glutamate receptor 3	protein
Glutamate receptor delta-2 subunit	protein
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3	protein
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5	protein
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	protein
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	protein
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	protein
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3	protein
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4	protein
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A	protein
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B	protein
Glutamate decarboxylase 1	protein
Glutamate decarboxylase 2	protein
Glutamate receptor 4	protein
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1	protein
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 2	protein
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 4	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	protein
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	protein