Brain Morphology and Function Report

Name	Cingulate gyrus
Brain Morphology	The cingulate gyrus is an arched convolution that lies next to the corpus callosum and is separated from it by the sulcus of the corpus callosum. It begins below the rostrum, curves around in front of the genu, extends along the trunk, and then turns downward behind the splenium of the corpus callosum, where it is connected by the narrow "isthmus of the cingulate gyrus" to the parahippocampal gyrus. It is separated from the "medial frontal gyrus" by the cingulate sulcus and from the "precuneus" by the more variable "suprasplenia sulcus." It has many connections with the anterior thalamic nuclei and is often considered to be part of the "limbic system."
Brain Function	It is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, and is also important for executive function and respiratory control.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	9(9/0)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
cingulate gyrus	Smoski, 2009	patients and normal controls		MDD participants showed decreased activation of the rostral ...... MDD participants showed decreased activation of the rostral cingulate gyrus during reward selection and anticipation. More...
cingulate gyrus	Kano, 2004	patients and normal controls		Binding (histamine H1 receptor (H(1)R) binding) potential va...... Binding (histamine H1 receptor (H(1)R) binding) potential values for [(11)C]-doxepin binding in the frontal and prefrontal cortices, and cingulate gyrus were significantly lower in the depressed patients than those in the normal control subjects. More...
cingulate gyrus	Vasic, 2008	patients and normal controls		Patients with depression showed reduced gray matter volume (...... Patients with depression showed reduced gray matter volume (GMV) was found in the cingulate gyrus (BA 24/32) More...
cingulate gyrus	Klok, 2010	patients and normal controls	P-value < .05	Significantly lower expression levels (30-50%) were detected...... Significantly lower expression levels (30-50%) were detected for MR or GR in hippocampal, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus tissue from MDD patients (p < .05) More...
cingulate gyrus	Arnold, 2011	patients and normal controls		During successful encoding of positive words, patients exhib...... During successful encoding of positive words, patients exhibited a larger recruitment of a set of areas, comprising cingulate gyrus, right inferior- and left medial-frontal gyrus as well as the right anterior hippocampus/amygdala. More...
cingulate gyri	Lee, 2011	patients and normal controls		Decreased gray matter concentration was found in MDD patient...... Decreased gray matter concentration was found in MDD patients in the bilateral amygdalae, hippocampi, fusiform gyri, lingual gyri, insular gyri, middle-superior temporal gyri, thalami, cingulate gyri, the central lobule of the cerebellum, and the midbrain encompassing the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) More...

Name in Literature	Related Components
	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description	All
cingulate		Executive functions(executive system)	cognition and behavior	Wang, 2008	patients and normal controls		Relative to healthy comparison subjects, the depressed patie...... Relative to healthy comparison subjects, the depressed patients had attenuated activation in the regions of the executive system, including the right middle frontal gyrus, the cingulate, and inferior parietal areas. More...
cingulate		Low energy(psychomotor retardation)	symptoms	Dunn, 2002	patients only		In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated wit...... In unipolars, the negative cognitions cluster correlated with lower absolute metabolism bilaterally in supracallosal cingulate. More...
cingulate gyrus		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Milak, 2005	patients only		Psychic depression correlated positively with metabolism in ...... Psychic depression correlated positively with metabolism in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, and basal ganglia. More...

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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web