Brain Morphology and Function Report

Basic Information

Name	Midbrain
Brain Morphology	Midbrain- the rostral part of the brain stem, which includes the tectum and tegmentum.
Brain Function	It is involved in functions such as vision, hearing, eyemovement, and body movement. The anterior part has the cerebral peduncle, which is a huge bundle of axons traveling from the cerebral cortex through the brain stem and these fibers (along with other structures) are important for voluntary motor function.
Picture	From Wiki.
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	12(10/2)

Positive relationships between Midbrain and MDD (count: 8)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
midbrain	Kumar, 2008	patients and normal controls		Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning ...... Patients with MDD had significantly reduced reward-learning signals in midbrain. More...
midbrain	Nofzinger, 2004	patients and normal controls		depressed patients showed greater activation in the midbrain...... depressed patients showed greater activation in the midbrain reticular formation. More...
midbrain	Newberg, 2005	patients and normal controls	P-value = 0.01 in MDD patients (1.81, SD = 0.07) than in controls (1.95, SD = 0.13).	(123)I-ADAM binding to SERT(serotonin transporter) in the mi...... (123)I-ADAM binding to SERT(serotonin transporter) in the midbrain was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in MDD patients (1.81 +/- 0.07) than in controls (1.95 +/- 0.13). More...
midbrain	Parsey, 2006	patients and normal controls		Post hoc analysis revealed lower binding potential(serotonin...... Post hoc analysis revealed lower binding potential(serotonin transporter binding potential) in subjects with major depressive disorder, relative to the comparison subjects, in the midbrain. More...
midbrain	Joensuu, 2007	patients and normal controls	lower (-10%) binding potential	The patients had a significantly lower (-10%) binding potent...... The patients had a significantly lower (-10%) binding potential in the midbrain region than controls. More...
midbrain	Miller, 2008	patients and normal controls		Non-remitters had lower 5-HTT binding than controls in midbr...... Non-remitters had lower 5-HTT binding than controls in midbrain, amygdala, and anterior cingulate. More...
midbrain	Lehto, 2008	patients and normal controls		Major depression groups had lower midbrain [123I] nor-beta-C...... Major depression groups had lower midbrain [123I] nor-beta-CIT(a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent) binding compared with the controls. More...
midbrain	Lee, 2011	patients and normal controls		Decreased gray matter concentration (GMC) was found in MDD p...... Decreased gray matter concentration (GMC) was found in MDD patients in the midbrain encompassing the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). More...

Positive relationships between Midbrain and other components at different levels (count: 6)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
midbrain		Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter(serotonin transporter)	protein	Parsey, 2006	patients and normal controls	Post hoc analysis revealed lower binding potential(serotonin...... Post hoc analysis revealed lower binding potential(serotonin transporter binding potential) in subjects with major depressive disorder, relative to the comparison subjects, in the midbrain. More...
midbrain		Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A(monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A))	protein	Meyer, 2006	patients and normal controls	The MAO-A DVS (specific distribution volume) was highly sign...... The MAO-A DVS (specific distribution volume) was highly significantly elevated in midbrain. More...
midbrain		Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter(serotonin transporter (5-HTT))	protein	Miller, 2008	patients and normal controls	Non-remitters had lower 5-HTT binding than controls in midbr...... Non-remitters had lower 5-HTT binding than controls in midbrain, amygdala, and anterior cingulate. More...
midbrain		Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter(dopamine transporter)	protein	Lehto, 2008	patients and normal controls	Major depression groups had lower midbrain [123I] nor-beta-C...... Major depression groups had lower midbrain [123I] nor-beta-CIT(a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent) binding compared with the controls. More...
midbrain		Anhedonia(anhedonia)	symptoms	Gradin, 2010	patients and normal controls	The extent of signal reduction in midbrain correlating with ...... The extent of signal reduction in midbrain correlating with increased anhedonia severity in depression. More...
midbrain		Suicide(suicide)	symptoms	Hwang, 2010	patients and normal controls	Compared with nonsuicidal counterpart, suicidal depression w...... Compared with nonsuicidal counterpart, suicidal depression was associated with decreased GM(gray matter) and WM(white matter) volume in the midbrain More...

Positive relationship network of Midbrain in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between Midbrain and MDD (count: 1)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
midbrain	Ichimiya, 2002	patients and normal controls		Binding potential in the midbrain did not differ between the...... Binding potential in the midbrain did not differ between the groups. More...

Negative relationships between Midbrain and other components at different levels (count: 1)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name(Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
midbrain		Depressed mood(depression)	symptoms	Parsey, 2006	patients and normal controls		No correlation was found between binding potential in the mi...... No correlation was found between binding potential in the midbrain and severity of depression or number of days without medication. More...