Gene Report
Approved Symbol | EDN1 |
---|---|
Approved Name | endothelin 1 |
Symbol Alias | ET1 |
Location | 6p24.1 |
Position | chr6:12290529-12297427 (+) |
External Links |
Entrez Gene: 1906 Ensembl: ENSG00000078401 UCSC: uc003nae.4 HGNC ID: 3176 |
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative) | 1(1/0) |
Type | Literature-origin |
Name in Literature | Reference | Research Type | Statistical Result | Relation Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EDN1 | Guilloux JP, 2012 | patients and normal controls | genes significantly affected in female MDD subjects genes significantly affected in female MDD subjects |
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Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.
Genetic/Epigenetic Locus | Protein and Other Molecule | Cell and Molecular Pathway | Neural System | Cognition and Behavior | Symptoms and Signs | Environment | MDD |
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web
Approved Name | UniportKB | No. of Studies (Positive/Negative) | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Endothelin-1 | P05305 | 0(0/0) | Gene mapped |
Gene mapped GO terms | ||||
ID | Name | Type | Evidence | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GO:0032269 | negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | biological process | IDA[19767294] | |
GO:0042554 | superoxide anion generation | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0045840 | positive regulation of mitosis | biological process | IDA[10770212] | |
GO:0048661 | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | biological process | IDA[10393673] | |
GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | biological process | IDA[12379507] | |
GO:0007589 | body fluid secretion | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0019229 | regulation of vasoconstriction | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0031708 | endothelin B receptor binding | molecular function | IDA[10770212] | |
GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | biological process | IDA[1713452] | |
GO:0014824 | artery smooth muscle contraction | biological process | IDA[8982507]; TAS[1725334] | |
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | molecular function | IDA[19767294] | |
GO:0007585 | respiratory gaseous exchange | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0031583 | phospholipase D-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0045987 | positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0003100 | regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin | biological process | IDA[2649896] | |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | cellular component | IDA[15691296] | |
GO:0035810 | positive regulation of urine volume | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0060585 | positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity | biological process | IMP[9492062] | |
GO:0030335 | positive regulation of cell migration | biological process | IDA[9696419] | |
GO:0019722 | calcium-mediated signaling | biological process | IDA[1917960] | |
GO:0014065 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade | biological process | IDA[17078114] | |
GO:0014826 | vein smooth muscle contraction | biological process | IDA[9422810] | |
GO:0015758 | glucose transport | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0035094 | response to nicotine | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0045429 | positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | biological process | TAS[8999856] | |
GO:0071347 | cellular response to interleukin-1 | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0045321 | leukocyte activation | biological process | TAS[16820593] | |
GO:0001516 | prostaglandin biosynthetic process | biological process | IDA[9492062] | |
GO:0046887 | positive regulation of hormone secretion | biological process | IDA[10770212] | |
GO:0009953 | dorsal/ventral pattern formation | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0030185 | nitric oxide transport | biological process | IDA[16820593] | |
GO:0007204 | elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | biological process | IDA[1917960] | |
GO:0042313 | protein kinase C deactivation | biological process | IDA[16820593] | |
GO:0014032 | neural crest cell development | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0007243 | intracellular protein kinase cascade | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0042310 | vasoconstriction | biological process | IDA[2649896] | |
GO:0070101 | positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | biological process | IC[17178876] | |
GO:0031707 | endothelin A receptor binding | molecular function | IDA[10770212] | |
GO:0007507 | heart development | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell proliferation | biological process | IDA[1917960] | |
GO:0042045 | epithelial fluid transport | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0019233 | sensory perception of pain | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0043179 | rhythmic excitation | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | biological process | IDA[19767294] | |
GO:0030818 | negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0071356 | cellular response to tumor necrosis factor | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0051930 | regulation of sensory perception of pain | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0030072 | peptide hormone secretion | biological process | IDA[10770212] | |
GO:0010870 | positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process | biological process | IDA[17178876] | |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | cellular component | IDA[12379507] | |
GO:0090023 | positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0032496 | response to lipopolysaccharide | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0010613 | positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy | biological process | IDA[12847114] | |
GO:0048016 | inositol phosphate-mediated signaling | biological process | IDA[1917960] | |
GO:0001821 | histamine secretion | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0034392 | negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0043200 | response to amino acid stimulus | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0045793 | positive regulation of cell size | biological process | IDA[12847114] | |
GO:0060137 | maternal process involved in parturition | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0042482 | positive regulation of odontogenesis | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0007205 | protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological process | IDA[17078114] | |
GO:0051216 | cartilage development | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0001701 | in utero embryonic development | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0046888 | negative regulation of hormone secretion | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0005179 | hormone activity | molecular function | IDA[2649896] | |
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | cellular component | TAS | |
GO:0033574 | response to testosterone stimulus | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0060298 | positive regulation of sarcomere organization | biological process | IMP[12847114] | |
GO:0043507 | positive regulation of JUN kinase activity | biological process | IDA[12847114] | |
GO:0043406 | positive regulation of MAP kinase activity | biological process | IDA[12847114] | |
GO:0006885 | regulation of pH | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0030593 | neutrophil chemotaxis | biological process | IDA[9696419] | |
GO:0010259 | multicellular organismal aging | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0051771 | negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process | biological process | IDA[16820593] | |
GO:0030195 | negative regulation of blood coagulation | biological process | TAS[16820593] | |
GO:0001569 | patterning of blood vessels | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0010460 | positive regulation of heart rate | biological process | IDA[2649896] | |
GO:0051482 | elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0010595 | positive regulation of endothelial cell migration | biological process | TAS[8999856] | |
GO:0042474 | middle ear morphogenesis | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0001666 | response to hypoxia | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0035815 | positive regulation of renal sodium excretion | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0016049 | cell growth | biological process | IEA | |
GO:0051899 | membrane depolarization | biological process | IEA |
Gene mapped KEGG pathways | ||||
ID | Name | Brief Description | Full Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|
hsa04916 | melanogenesis | Melanogenesis | Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflag...... Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents. The most important positive regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortic peptides. MC1R activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response-element binding protein (CREB). Increased expression of MITF and its activation by phosphorylation (P) stimulate the transcription of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), which produce melanin. Melanin synthesis takes place within specialized intracellular organelles named melanosomes. Melanin-containing melanosomes then move from the perinuclear region to the dendrite tips and are transferred to keratinocytes by a still not well-characterized mechanism. More... |
Gene mapped BioCarta pathways | ||||
ID | Name | Brief Description | Full Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NFAT_PATHWAY | nfat pathway | NFAT and Hypertrophy of the heart (Transcription in the broken heart) | Hypertrophy associated with both hypertension and obstructio...... Hypertrophy associated with both hypertension and obstruction to ventricular outflow leads to pathologic cardiac growth and it is associated with increase morbidity and mortality. Symptomatic ventricular disease takes a growing toll on the health of nations. As other cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and myocardial infraction are in decline as causes of mortality, the heart failure problem becomes increasingly urgent. Congenital heart defects occur in 1% of live births and fetal heart malformations are implicated in many pregnancies that end in still-birth or spontaneous abortion. The current paradigm suggests that the heart adapts to excess of hemodynamic loading by compensatory hypertrophy, which under condition of persistent stress, over time evolves into dysfunction and myocardial failure. There is considerable evidence that direct effects of increased mechanical stress are sensed within the ventricular wall and that signals critical for the generation of growth responses. Despite compelling statistics we still do not understand biochemically why heart defects are so prevalent. A single transcriptional regulator initially associated with the activation of the T-cells More... | |
HIF_PATHWAY | hif pathway | Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in the Cardiovascular System | Hypoxia (or low O2 levels) affects various pathologies. Firs...... Hypoxia (or low O2 levels) affects various pathologies. First, tissue ischemia, a variation in O2 tension caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation, can lead to endothelial cell changes. For example, long periods of ischemia result in endothelial changes, such as vascular leakage, resulting in varicose veins. In more severe situations, ischemia can lead to myocardial or cerebral infarction and retinal vessel occlusion. Of interest, HIF-1 is stabilized prior to induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression during acute ischemia in the human heart. Second, pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic respiratory disorders results from persistent vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Third, hypoxic gradients created in enlarging solid tumors trigger expression of genes containing hypoxia response element (HRE)s such as those involved in angiogenesis. This allows subsequent delivery of O2, nutrients, and further tumor growth. Vascular remodeling is an important component to tumorigenesis; without proper blood supply, delivery of oxygen may occur by diffusion, but becomes inefficient in tumors greater than 1 mm in diameter. Short-term hypoxia can also elevate platelet numbers, while prolonged exposure may cause some degree of thrombocytopenia in response to increased levels of erythropoetin (EPO). Another disorder involving inadequate responses to hypoxia is preeclampsia, a pathology of pregnancy thought to be caused by improper differentiation of placental trophoblast cells due to poorly controlled O2 tension or improper hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated responses. The primary molecular mechanism of gene activation during hypoxia is through HIF-1. Several genes involved in cellular differentiation are directly or indirectly regulated by hypoxia. These include EPO, LDH-A, ET-1, transferrin, transferrin receptor, VEGF, Flk-1, Flt-1, platelet-derived growth factor- (PDGF-), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and others genes affecting glycolysis. HIF-1 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcription factors known to induce gene expression by binding to a ~50-bp HRE containing a core 5'-ACGTG-3' sequence. bHLH-PAS proteins heterodimerize to form transcription complexes that regulate O2 homeostasis, circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, and toxin metabolism. Three bHLH-PAS proteins in vertebrates respond to hypoxia: HIF-1 , EPAS (HIF-2 ), and HIF-3. These dimerize with ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein), ARNT-2, or ARNT-3. HIF-1 is ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded in less than 5 minutes under normoxic conditions. Although several candidate O2-sensing molecules have emerged in the literature, the molecular basis of how cells sense O2 levels is poorly characterized. pVHL, the protein product of a tumor-suppressor gene responsible for von Hippel Lindau disease, is implicated in this O2-sensing system by its association with HIF-1 , targeting it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Similarly, F-box-containing proteins recognize substrates of the ubiquitin ligases, targeting them for phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. In addition to F-boxes, most of these proteins also contain a WD40 or a leucine-rich repeat (LLR) domain that presumably functions as a Ser/Thr binding module. A second family of proteins assisting the ubiquitin ligases share a region designated SOCS-box (originally from the suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins SOCS). Under low O2 (<5% O2) HIF-1 is stabilized leading to the formation of a functional transcription factor complex with ARNT. This complex is the master regulator of O2 homeostasis and induces a network of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and glucose metabolism. More... | |
CARDIACEGF_PATHWAY | cardiacegf pathway | Role of EGF Receptor Transactivation by GPCRs in Cardiac Hypertrophy | One of responses to increased blood pressure is cardiac hype...... One of responses to increased blood pressure is cardiac hypertrophy through increased size of ventricular myocardial cells leading to increased thickness of the ventricular walls. Cardiac hypertrophy allows the heart to handle the increased stress caused by elevated blood pressure but is also a risk factor associated with heart disease. Cardiac hypertrophy results from cross-talk between G-protein coupled receptor signaling and the EGF receptor pathway. Several GPCR ligands are known to stimulate cardiac hypertrophy, including factors that regulate blood pressure such as angiotensin II and endothelin- 1. These factors stimulate phospholipase C through Gq activation, and the production of 1P3 and diacylglycerol second messengers. PKC-delta is activated by DAG and interacts with the metalloproteinase ADAM12. ADAM12 cleaves the membrane-bound HB-EGF to release soluble EGF ligand that activates EGF receptor in myocardial cells. EGF receptor activation downstream through small G proteins and the MAP kinase pathway ultimately leads to cardiac hypertrophy. Signals by GPCR ligands such as angiotensin II result in transcriptional translation of immediate early genes like fos and other genes involved in long-term remodeling of heart tissue and the physiological response to stress in the heart such as the atrial natriuretic factor. Factors such as the AKT kinase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NE-kB also are involved in signaling that leads to hypertrophy, although their role is not yet clear. Blocking this pathway at various steps may prevent heart disease through the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy, but may also have other consequences. More... |
Gene mapped Reactome pathways | |||
ID | Name | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
REACT_14819 | peptide ligand_binding_receptors | These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) ...... These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins. More... | |
REACT_14828 | class a1_rhodopsin_like_receptors | Rhodopsin-like receptors. They represent members which inclu...... Rhodopsin-like receptors. They represent members which include hormone, light and neurotransmitter receptors and encompass a wide range of functions including many autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. More... | |
REACT_19184 | downstream events_in_gpcr_signaling | G protein-coupled receptors. The beta:gamma G-protein dimer ...... G protein-coupled receptors. The beta:gamma G-protein dimer is also involved in downstream signaling , and some receptors form part of metastable complexes of receptor and accessory proteins such as the arrestins. GPCRs are involved in many diverse signaling events , using a variety of pathways that include modulation of adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. More... | |
REACT_18283 | g alpha_q_signalling_events | The classic signalling route for G alpha (q) is activation o...... The classic signalling route for G alpha (q) is activation of phospholipase C beta thereby triggering phosphoinositide hydrolysis, calcium mobilization and protein kinase C activation. This provides a path to calcium-regulated kinases and phosphatases, GEFs, MAP kinase cassettes and other proteins that mediate cellular responses ranging from granule secretion, integrin activation, and aggregation in platelets. Gq participates in many other signalling events including direct interaction with RhoGEFs that stimulate RhoA activity and inhibition of PI3K. Both in vitro and in vivo, the G-protein Gq seems to be the predominant mediator of the activation of platelets. More... | |
REACT_21340 | gpcr ligand_binding | There are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor. GPCRs ar...... There are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor. GPCRs are receptors for a diverse range of ligands from large proteins to photons and have an equal diverstiy of ligand-binding mechanisms. Classical GPCR signaling involves signal transduction via heterotrimeric G-proteins, however many G-protein independent mechanisms have been reported. More... |
EDN1 related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 10)
Gene | Interactor | Interactor in MK4MDD? | Experiment Type | PMID | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EDN1 | COPS6 | No | yeast 2-hybrid | 16169070 | |
EDN1 | EDNRA | No | in vivo | 10770212 | |
EDN1 | BAT3 | No | yeast 2-hybrid | 16169070 | |
EDN1 | UBQLN4 | No | yeast 2-hybrid | 16713569 | |
EDN1 | CMA1 | No | in vitro | 9257865 | |
EDN1 | EDNRB | No | in vitro;in vivo | 12972292 | |
EDN1 | KEL | No | in vitro | 10438732 | |
EDN1 | ECE1 | No | in vitro;in vivo | 10438732 , 10620363 , 9595387 | |
EDN1 | ADM | No | in vivo | 11410113 | |
EDN1 | MME | No | in vitro | 2201681 |