Gene Report

Basic Information

Approved Symbol	AR
Approved Name	androgen receptor
Previous Symbol	DHTR, SBMA
Previous Name	dihydrotestosterone receptor, "spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy"
Symbol Alias	AIS, NR3C4, SMAX1, HUMARA
Name Alias	testicular feminization, "Kennedy disease"
Location	Xq12
Position	chrX:66763874-66950461 (+)
External Links	Entrez Gene: 367 Ensembl: ENSG00000169083 UCSC: uc004dwu.2 HGNC ID: 644
No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	3(3/0)
Type	Literature-origin

Positive relationships between AR and MDD (count: 2)

Name in Literature	Reference	Research Type	Statistical Result	Relation Description
AR	Geng, 2007	patients and normal controls		AR gene in MDD group have shorter microsatellites' length, a...... AR gene in MDD group have shorter microsatellites' length, and ER beta gene have shorter microsatellites' length and higher rates of S alleles, SS, genotype, and lower rate of LL genotype than control group. More...
AR	Su, 2007	patients and normal controls		The results showed that there were differences between adole...... The results showed that there were differences between adolescent depressive patients and adolescent controls in CAG repeats' length and alleles' distributions, and the severity of depression and anxiety was negatively correlated with the length of CAG repeats in adolescent patients. More...

Positive relationships between AR and other components at different levels (count: 3)

Genetic/epigenetic locus					Protein and other molecule			Cell and molecular pathway			Neural system			Cognition and behavior		Symptoms and signs			Environment

Name in Literature	Level	Approved Name (Name in Literature)	Type	Reference	Research Type	Relation Description
Name in Literature	Related Components
AR		Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor(alpha(2C)-adrenoreceptor (AR))	protein	Neumeister, 2006	patients and normal controls	These results suggest that the alpha2CDel322-325-AR confers ...... These results suggest that the alpha2CDel322-325-AR confers a change in brain function implicating this alpha2-AR subtype into the pathophysiology of MDD. More...
AR		Amygdala(amygdala)	brain morphology and function	Neumeister, 2006	patients and normal controls	We report that rMDD carriers of one or two copies of the alp...... We report that rMDD carriers of one or two copies of the alpha2CDel322-325-AR exhibit greater amygdala as well as pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate gyrus neuronal activity in response to sad faces than healthy alpha2CDel322-325-AR carriers and rMDD noncarriers. More...
AR		Anterior cingulate cortex(anterior cingulate gyrus)	brain morphology and function	Neumeister, 2006	patients and normal controls	We report that rMDD carriers of one or two copies of the alp...... We report that rMDD carriers of one or two copies of the alpha2CDel322-325-AR exhibit greater amygdala as well as pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate gyrus neuronal activity in response to sad faces than healthy alpha2CDel322-325-AR carriers and rMDD noncarriers. More...

Positive relationship network of AR in MK4MDD

Network loading ...

Note:
1. The different color of the nodes denotes the level of the nodes.

Genetic/Epigenetic Locus	Protein and Other Molecule	Cell and Molecular Pathway	Neural System	Cognition and Behavior	Symptoms and Signs	Environment	MDD

2. Besides the component related relationships from literature, gene mapped protein and protein mapped gene are also shown in the network. If the mapped gene or protein is not from literature, square node would be used instead of Circle node. Accordingly, the relationship is marked with dot line.
2. User can drag the nodes to rearrange the layout of the network. Click the node will enter the report page of the node. Right-click will show also the menus to link to the report page of the node and remove the node and related edges. Hover the node will show the level of the node and hover the edge will show the evidence/description of the edge.
3. The network is generated using Cytoscape Web

Negative relationships between AR and MDD (count: 0)

Negative relationships between AR and other components at different levels (count: 0)

AR related SNPs in MK4MDD (count: 0)

AR related proteins in MK4MDD (count: 1)

Approved Name	UniportKB	No. of Studies (Positive/Negative)	Source
Androgen receptor	P10275	0(0/0)	Gene mapped

AR related GO terms (count: 72)

ID	Name	Type	Evidence
Gene mapped GO terms
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular function	IPI[18487222]
GO:0008134	transcription factor binding	molecular function	IPI[12799378]
GO:0033148	positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	biological process	IEA
GO:0042327	positive regulation of phosphorylation	biological process	IMP
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0050790	regulation of catalytic activity	biological process	IEA
GO:0005102	receptor binding	molecular function	IPI[11875111]
GO:0007548	sex differentiation	biological process	NAS[10075738]
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	cellular component	IEA
GO:0003700	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	molecular function	IDA[11477070]
GO:0046983	protein dimerization activity	molecular function	NAS[10075738]
GO:0050681	androgen receptor binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0030522	intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway	biological process	IDA[17277772]
GO:0030850	prostate gland development	biological process	NAS[10075738]
GO:0060749	mammary gland alveolus development	biological process	IEA
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	biological process	IDA[12799378]
GO:0051259	protein oligomerization	biological process	IDA[18468998]
GO:0060740	prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis	biological process	IEA
GO:0006367	transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	biological process	TAS
GO:0007165	signal transduction	biological process	TAS[10835690]
GO:0001085	RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding	molecular function	IPI[16120611]
GO:0003682	chromatin binding	molecular function	IDA
GO:0045720	negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process	biological process	IDA
GO:0060520	activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway	biological process	IEA
GO:0004879	ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity	molecular function	IDA[17277772]
GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	biological process	IMP
GO:0060742	epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development	biological process	IEA
GO:0043410	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	biological process	IEA
GO:0048638	regulation of developmental growth	biological process	IEA
GO:0000790	nuclear chromatin	cellular component	IDA[17505061]
GO:0060599	lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	biological process	IEA
GO:0090003	regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane	biological process	IDA
GO:0032868	response to insulin stimulus	biological process	IEA
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	biological process	IDA[17277772]
GO:0048645	organ formation	biological process	IEA
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	biological process	NAS[10075738]
GO:0060736	prostate gland growth	biological process	IEA
GO:0043565	sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0019899	enzyme binding	molecular function	IPI[17277772]
GO:0060748	tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	biological process	IEA
GO:0005497	androgen binding	molecular function	NAS[10075738]
GO:0008013	beta-catenin binding	molecular function	IDA[12799378]; IPI[12799378]; TAS[16344550]
GO:0048808	male genitalia morphogenesis	biological process	IEA
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	biological process	TAS[10835690]
GO:0030425	dendrite	cellular component	IEA
GO:0045726	positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process	biological process	IDA
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	cellular component	IDA[15572661]
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	cellular component	TAS
GO:0045945	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter	biological process	IDA[18487222]
GO:0044212	transcription regulatory region DNA binding	molecular function	IDA[18487222]
GO:0030424	axon	cellular component	IEA
GO:0008584	male gonad development	biological process	IEA
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-dependent	biological process	IDA[15572661]
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	biological process	IDA[17505061]; IMP[19345326]
GO:0043568	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	biological process	IEA
GO:0005634	nucleus	cellular component	IDA[19345326]
GO:0006810	transport	biological process	TAS[10835690]
GO:0004882	androgen receptor activity	molecular function	IDA[12799378]; IMP[19345326]; NAS[10075738]; TAS[15572661]
GO:0003677	DNA binding	molecular function	NAS[10075738]
GO:0003073	regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	biological process	IEA
GO:0030521	androgen receptor signaling pathway	biological process	IDA
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	IDA
GO:0001701	in utero embryonic development	biological process	IEA
GO:0043234	protein complex	cellular component	IDA[18468998]
GO:0010467	gene expression	biological process	TAS
GO:0008219	cell death	biological process	IEA
GO:0016049	cell growth	biological process	NAS[15572661]
GO:0050680	negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	biological process	IEA
GO:0070974	POU domain binding	molecular function	IEA
GO:0060685	regulation of prostatic bud formation	biological process	IEA
GO:0019102	male somatic sex determination	biological process	IEA
GO:0060571	morphogenesis of an epithelial fold	biological process	IEA

AR related KEGG pathways (count: 3)

ID	Name	Brief Description	Full Description
Gene mapped KEGG pathways
hsa05200	pathways in_cancer	Pathways in cancer
hsa05215	prostate cancer	Prostate cancer	The identification of key molecular alterations in prostate-...... The identification of key molecular alterations in prostate-cancer cells implicates carcinogen defenses (GSTP1), growth-factor-signaling pathways (NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27), and androgens (AR) as critical determinants of the phenotype of prostate-cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTP1) are detoxifying enzymes that catalyze conjunction of glutathione with harmful, electrophilic molecules, thereby protecting cells from carcinogenic factors. Cells of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, devoid of GSTP1, undergo genomic damage mediated by such carcinogens. NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27 regulate the growth and survival of prostate cells in the normal prostate. Inadequate levels of PTEN and NKX3.1 lead to a reduction in p27 levels and to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. After therapeutic reduction in the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer has been associated with mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) that permit receptor activation by other ligands, increased expression of androgen receptors accompanying AR amplification, and ligand-independent androgen-receptor activation. More...
hsa04114	oocyte meiosis	Oocyte meiosis	During meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followe...... During meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segregate to opposite poles, while the sister chromatids segregate from each other at meoisis II. In vertebrates, immature oocytes are arrested at the PI (prophase of meiosis I). The resumption of meiosis is stimulated by progesterone, which carries the oocyte through two consecutive M-phases (MI and MII) to a second arrest at MII. The key activity driving meiotic progression is the MPF (maturation-promoting factor), a heterodimer of CDC2 (cell division cycle 2 kinase) and cyclin B. In PI-arrested oocytes, MPF is initially inactive and is activated by the dual-specificity CDC25C phosphatase as the result of new synthesis of Mos induced by progesterone. MPF activation mediates the transition from the PI arrest to MI. The subsequent decrease in MPF levels, required to exit from MI into interkinesis, is induced by a negative feedback loop, where CDC2 brings about the activation of the APC (anaphase-promoting complex), which mediates destruction of cyclin B. Re-activation of MPF for MII requires re-accumulation of high levels of cyclin B as well as the inactivation of the APC by newly synthesized Emi2 and other components of the CSF (cytostatic factor), such as cyclin E or high levels of Mos. CSF antagonizes the ubiquitin ligase activity of the APC, preventing cyclin B destruction and meiotic exit until fertilization occurs. Fertilization triggers a transient increase in cytosolic free Ca2+, which leads to CSF inactivation and cyclin B destruction through the APC. Then eggs are released from MII into the first embryonic cell cycle. More...

AR related BioCarta pathways (count: 0)

AR related Reactome pathways (count: 2)

ID	Name	Description
Gene mapped Reactome pathways
REACT_71	gene expression	Gene Expression covers the process of transcription of mRNA ...... Gene Expression covers the process of transcription of mRNA genes, the processing of pre-mRNA, and its subsequent translation to result in a protein. The expression of non-protein-coding genes is not included in this section yet. However, the transcription of RNAs other than mRNA is described in the section on transcription; in the sections 'RNA Polymerase I Transcription', and 'RNA Polymerase III Transcription'. More...
REACT_15525	nuclear receptor_transcription_pathway	A classic example of bifunctional transcription factors is t...... A classic example of bifunctional transcription factors is the family of Nuclear Receptor ). For example, binding of thyroid hormone (TH) to the human TH Receptor (THRA or THRB) was found to result in the recruitment of a specific complex of Thyroid Receptor Associated Proteins - the TRAP coactivator complex - of which the TRAP220 subunit was later identified to be the Mediator 1 (MED1) homologue. Similarly, binding of Vitamin D to the human Vitamin D3 Receptor was found to result in the recruitment of a specific complex of D Receptor Interacting Proteins - the DRIP coactivator complex, of which the DRIP205 subunit was later identified to be human MED1. More...

AR related interactors from protein-protein interaction data in HPRD (count: 151)

Gene	Interactor	Interactor in MK4MDD?	Experiment Type	PMID
AR	NR3C1	Yes	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	9162033
AR	SUMO1	No	in vitro;in vivo	12177000
AR	PNRC1	No	in vivo	10428808
AR	GSN	No	in vivo	12941811
AR	XRCC6	No	in vitro	15640154
AR	PIAS4	No	in vitro	11439351
AR	NCOA2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9717843 , 12588987 , 15563469
AR	TRIP4	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	12390891
AR	CDC25A	No	in vivo	19013180
AR	KIF1A	No	yeast 2-hybrid	15604093
AR	PRPF6	No	in vivo	12039962
AR	MED1	No	in vitro;in vivo	12218053
AR	AES	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11416139
AR	RAD54L2	No	in vitro;in vivo	10961928
AR	NCOA3	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	10965917 , 15563469
AR	HMGB1	No	in vitro;in vivo	9671457 , 11748221
AR	XRCC5	No	in vitro	15640154
AR	CTNNB1	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11916967 , 12944908 , 12588987 , 12799378
AR	CALM1	No	in vitro;in vivo	14695896
AR	TCF4	No	in vitro;in vivo	12799378
AR	KAT5	Yes	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11994312 , 10364196
AR	PA2G4	No	in vitro;in vivo	9565586 , 15583694
AR	SART3	No	in vitro;in vivo	15031286
AR	RAC3	No	in vitro;in vivo	11747336
AR	RUNX2	No	in vitro	10521447
AR	RNF4	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9710597 , 11719514 , 10617653
AR	AHR	No	in vivo	17392787
AR	GNB2L1	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	12958311
AR	BRCA1	No	in vitro	11016951 , 11085509
AR	CALR	No	in vitro;in vivo	8107809
AR	NR0B2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11735420
AR	FHL2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10654935
AR	KLK2	No	in vitro	15542435
AR	ATF2	No	in vitro	9920921
AR	SP1	No	in vitro;in vivo	10809237 , 9535906
AR	APOL2	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	15107424
AR	GSK3B	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	15178691 , 15361837
AR	IARS	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	10669760
AR	SMAD4	No	in vitro;in vivo	12226080
AR	CCNH	No	in vitro	10734072
AR	RANBP9	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	12361945
AR	NCOA1	No	in vitro;in vivo	10567563 , 12612084 , 12163482
AR	CCND1	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	10344732 , 15558026
AR	CTDSP2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	16724108
AR	UXT	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11854421
AR	PIAS1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11877418 , 12177000
AR	PAK6	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11278661
AR	BAG1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11278763 , 14517289
AR	RAD9A	No	in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	14966297
AR	ZMIZ1	No	in vitro;in vivo	14609956
AR	IFI16	No	in vitro;in vivo	16494870
AR	SRY	No	in vivo	11585838
AR	IL6ST	No	in vitro;in vivo	15129430
AR	SMAD3	No	in vitro;in vivo	11280774
AR	EGFR	No	in vitro;in vivo	12534934 , 15288768
AR	FOXA1	No	in vitro;in vivo	12750453
AR	CASP3	No	in vitro;in vivo	9535906 , 8626669 , 9208847
AR	CASP1	No	in vitro	9535906
AR	POU5F1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11096094
AR	EFCAB6	No	in vitro;in vivo	12612053
AR	RB1	No	in vitro	9675141
AR	ETV5	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11509567
AR	IDE	No	in vitro	8051160
AR	NCOA4	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11818501 , 10517667 , 9892017 , 8643607 , 12068007 , 15563469 , 9636157
AR	CDK1	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	12569365 , 9725910
AR	NFKB1	No	in vitro;in vivo	8798655
AR	MED14	No	in vivo	12218053
AR	TGFB1I1	No	in vivo	11155740
AR	UBE3A	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	9891052
AR	JMJD1C	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	17353003
AR	RAN	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10400640
AR	NR0B1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11875111
AR	DAP3	Yes	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	10903152
AR	GAPDH	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	8872471
AR	CASP8	No	in vivo	17170703
AR	SVIL	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	11792840
AR	CDK9	No	in vitro;in vivo	11266437
AR	MDM2	No	in vitro;in vivo	12145204
AR	MYBBP1A	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	11779876 , 10607837
AR	FLNA	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	12682292
AR	RAF1	No	in vitro	8349631
AR	NR5A1	No	in vitro	11518799
AR	TRIM24	No	in vitro	9115274
AR	NISCH	No	in vitro;in vivo	15028622
AR	POU2F1	No	in vitro;in vivo	10480874 , 11096094
AR	TMF1	No	in vitro;in vivo	12165860
AR	CCNE1	No	in vitro	10953010
AR	GAK	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	16161052
AR	NR2C1	No	in vitro	12949936
AR	PXN	No	in vitro	12941817
AR	GRIP1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	10607837
AR	COX5B	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11719263
AR	MAPK1	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	9725910 , 10318905
AR	DDC	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	12864730
AR	PIAS2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9920921 , 11117529 , 12177000
AR	STUB1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	15107424
AR	SMAD1	No	in vivo	17183365
AR	NCOR1	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	12089345 , 15598662
AR	APPBP2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	14729952
AR	JUN	Yes	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9211894 , 8798722
AR	NR2C2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10611280
AR	PSMC3IP	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11739747
AR	KDM1A	No	in vitro;in vivo	16079795
AR	RUNX1	No	in vitro	10521447
AR	PIAS3	No	in vivo	11071847
AR	EP300	Yes	in vitro	10779504
AR	PELP1	No	in vitro	12415108
AR	CDC25B	No	in vitro	12569365
AR	KAT2B	No	in vitro	10779504
AR	RELA	No	in vitro;in vivo	8798655
AR	NONO	No	in vitro;in vivo	12810069
AR	GTF2F1	No	in vivo	9238003
AR	TSG101	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	10508170
AR	RNASEL	No	in vitro;in vivo	16166078
AR	CAV1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11278309
AR	AKT1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11404460 , 11156376 , 16210317
AR	SLC25A4	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	12039962
AR	CREBBP	Yes	in vitro;in vivo	9482849 , 9822653
AR	CUL4B	No	in vivo	17392787
AR	AR	Yes	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	15062556 , 9111344 , 9417052 , 14966121 , 15305378
AR	HSP90AA1	No	in vitro	1525041
AR	DCAF6	No	in vitro;in vivo	15784617
AR	RNF14	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10085091
AR	NSD1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11266437 , 11509567
AR	WIPI1	No	in vitro	15602573
AR	CDC37	No	in vitro;in vivo	11085988
AR	CDK6	No	in vitro;in vivo	15790678
AR	CDK7	No	in vitro	10734072
AR	PRMT1	No	in vitro	11050077
AR	CASP7	No	in vitro	9535906
AR	TGIF1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11682623
AR	DAXX	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	15572661 , 15350595
AR	NRIP1	No	in vivo	9368054
AR	PNRC2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10894149
AR	GTF2H1	No	in vitro;in vivo	10734072 , 11266437
AR	RCHY1	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	12200228
AR	HIPK3	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	9725910
AR	GTF2F2	No	in vitro	9238003
AR	STAT3	No	in vitro;in vivo	11751884 , 12804609
AR	SRC	No	yeast 2-hybrid	15062576 , 15027889
AR	RBAK	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	14664718
AR	FOXO1	No	in vitro;in vivo	12482965
AR	HDAC1	No	in vitro;in vivo	11994312
AR	PTEN	No	in vitro;in vivo	15205473
AR	NR3C2	Yes	yeast 2-hybrid	12644298
AR	UBE2I	No	in vitro;yeast 2-hybrid	8798622 , 10383460
AR	HIF1A	No	in vivo	17426252
AR	ESR1	Yes	in vitro	12389206
AR	SPDEF	No	in vitro;in vivo	10625666
AR	NCOR2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	11923464 , 15062576
AR	MYST2	No	in vitro;in vivo;yeast 2-hybrid	10930412

Gene Report

Gene mapped GO terms

Gene mapped KEGG pathways

Gene mapped Reactome pathways